天安门，坐落在中华人民共和国首都北京市的中心、故宫的南端，与天安门广场以及人民英雄纪念碑、毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、中国国家博物馆隔长安街相望，占地面积4800平方米，以杰出的建筑艺术和特殊的政治地位为世人所瞩目。
Tian’anmen Rostrum
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
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The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
(一)涉及内容 ：
1、天安门广场的判定语
2、明清明间的布局
3、天安门广场现状
4、天安门广场周围的建筑
5、广场的历史沿革
(二)介绍位置：纪念碑东南角
(三) 导游词
各位朋友：现在呢，我们来到了天安门广场 ，我先为大家做一个简单的介绍，天安门广场是目前世界上最大的城市中心广场，它位于北京市区的中心.天安门广场呈长方形，南北长880米，东西宽500米，总面积 44万平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上，整个广场可容纳100万人，就是说全北 京总人口的1/13都可以同时站在这里，够大的吧!
在明清时期广场可没有这么大，当时它呈“T ”字形，“T”字的那一横就是我们今天的长安街，那一竖就是从现在的国旗杆前至毛主席纪念堂前的这一长条形区域，在这一区域的两侧是按文东武西的格局分布着当时政府机关。解放后，原来广场两侧的建筑被拆除，从而形成了今天广场的基本 格局。
在天安门广场的四周，有很多著名的建筑，现在我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍，就让我们以广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧!人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧，是全国人民代表参政、议政、举行重大会议，当家作主行使主权的地方，建成于1959年，最高处46.5米，是现在广场上的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成，南部为人大常委会办公楼，中部为万人大会堂，北端是国宴大厅，整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月，是我国建筑史上 的一个奇迹。
在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉 的天安门城楼，它是新中国的象征，就是在天安门城楼上，1949年10月1日毛主席向 全世界人民庄严宣告，“中华人民共和国成立了!中国人民从此站起来了!”：