英语句式

如题所述

第1个回答  2012-06-03
简单句和并列句
句子的分类: 根据语气可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
根据结构可分为:简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。
并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见的连词有and, but, or, so等。

一、常见的五种基本句型。
1. S+V,主谓,谓语动词一般为不及物动词;
①The bus stopped.
S Vi
② Tom has arrived.

2. S+V+P,主谓(系)表,谓语动词一般为连系动词;
(表语可以是名词,形容词,动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等)。
★ 连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感到,摸起来);stay/keep(保持);seem(好像,似乎). turn/get/become/grow(变得); appear(呈现):appear red
①The skirt looks beautiful.
S V P
② she is a student.
③ My dream is to be a teacher.

3.S+V+DO,主谓宾,谓语动词一般为及物动词,如果是不及物动词,后面要
介词再接宾语;
①I like English.
S V DO
②She likes watching TV.
③She wants to go shopping.
④Tom gets to school at 6:00am.
⑤Tom often laughs at me.
⑥Jim is making a kite.

4.S+V+DO+OC,主谓宾补,宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等.
①I find English easy].
S V DO OC
②They keep their eyes [closed].
③She asked me [to go shopping].
④She makes me [laugh].
⑤I wish you [a good holiday]
⑥I find Tom [a clever boy].
⑦I can hear Tom [singing an English song].

5. S+V+IO+DO,主谓双宾,接双宾语的动词有buy, give, show, tell, teach,
offer, provide等。一般物为直接宾语(DO),人为间接宾语(IO)。 (give sb. sth. = give
sth. to sb. ) (buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.)
①She gave me a pen.
S V IO DO
②She buy me a pen.
二.并列句:由并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫作并列句。并列句
与复合句的区别在于并列句在结构上和意义上同等重要;而复合句在结构和意义上
从句为主句服务,是主句的一个成分。
(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…,
as well as等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示平行关系、顺接关系、对照关系、先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
① He likes playing football and he plays well.
② ②Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus.
③as well as是英语中常用的连接词(并列连词),侧重于前项。
The child is lively as well as healthy.
= The child is not only lively but also healthy.
(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or, otherwise, either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
①Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.(or译为:或者)
②Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. (or译为:否则)
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but, yet, still ,however, while(而)等,前后分句时态一致。
①It has no mouth, but it can talk.
(前后彼此矛盾,表示转折)
②School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.
(前后彼此矛盾,表示转折)
③He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist.
(前后不矛盾,只是表示转折)
(4) 说明原因或理由, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.
三、反意疑问句:
反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成:由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。
陈述句部分 附加问句部分 注 意 点
肯定陈述句 否定的简短一般问句 当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词;否则就使用do/does//did.
否定陈述句 肯定的简短一般问句
如:①He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗?)
②Your father went to Japan, didn’t he? (你爸爸去了日本,不是吗?)
③He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗?)
④He seldom plays football, does he? (他很少踢足球,是吗?)
★⑤Tom has been to Japan, hasn’t he?
比较:Tom has to do housework, doesn’t he?
⑥There is little water, is there?
⑦Kate hardly speaks Chinese, does she?
⑧Please open the door, will you?
★(除Let’s外的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you)
⑨Let us go swimming, will you?
⑩Let’s go swimming, shall we?
★(Let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用:shall we)
⑽Everyone is here, aren’t they ? (everyone 指人)
⑾Everything is ready, isn’t it? (everything指物)
⑿I don’t think Tom has done that, has he?
(主要看宾语从句:I/we think/believe 引导宾从时否定前移)
⒀She thinks Tom hasn’t done that, doesn’t she? (只要看主句)
2) 反意问句的回答:
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如:① ——The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗?)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)
② ——Tom didn’t go there, did he?(Tom没去那里,是吗?)
——Yes, he did.(不,他去了。)/ No, he didn’t.(是的,他没去。)

四、选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成:(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项?
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项?
2) 选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如:
①Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl.
②Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please.
③Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course.

五、祈使句:祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。
▲祈使句的肯定式: 动词(原形) + 其他
如:①Please give me a hand. (请帮忙)
②Shut up! (住嘴!)
▲ 祈使句的否定式:Don’t +动词原形 + 其他
如:①Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。)
② Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)
[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。
如:③Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)
肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。
如:④Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)(do起强调作用)
▲注意祈使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时:
⑤ Please call me when she comes back. (主将从现)
⑥ -----Don’t bring it here tomorrow. ---OK, I won’t.

六、感叹句:感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“!”
1.what感叹名词。对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是:
★What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,
⑴感叹可数名词单数。
如:①What a kind girl ||(she is)! (她是多么善良的一个女孩啊!)
②What a tall tree || (it is)! (它是多高的一棵树啊!)
⑵感叹可数名词复数。
如:①What kind girls ||(they are)! (她们是多么善良的女孩啊!)
②What tall trees || (they are)! (它们是多高的树啊!)
⑶感叹不可数名词。
如:①What delicious food || (it is)!
②What bad/good weather || (it is )!
③What good news || (it is) !
④What useful information || (it is) !
⑤What good advice || (it is) !
⑥What hard work ||(it is)!
⑦What great fun || (they had) ! (have fun词组)
◎特例:What a good time || (they are having) ! (have a good time词组)
★技巧: what引导的感叹句中的形容词后肯定直接有一个名词.

2.how对形容词或副词进行感叹:
★结构通常是:How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,
用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。
⑴how感叹形容词时,可以与what 感叹句相互转化。
①How kind || the girl is! (那个女孩多么善良啊!)
②How tall || the tree is ! (那棵树多高啊!)
⑵how感叹副词时,不可以与what 感叹句相互转化。
①How carefully || the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心!)
②How beautifully ||Lily is singing!
▲ 有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上!) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击!) / Good goal! (好球!)

参考资料:来自百度,经过整理

本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答  2012-06-03
你可以问的再详细点儿。。。。。。
第3个回答  2012-06-03
自己去看哈语法书 更好些~
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