第1个回答 2011-03-09
Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae (pronounced /fɔrˈmɪsɨdiː/) and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified.[3][4] They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist.
Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies which may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. These larger colonies consist mostly of sterile wingless females forming castes of "workers", "soldiers", or other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile females called "queens". The colonies are sometimes described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony.[5]
Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Ants thrive in most ecosystems, and may form 15–25% of the terrestrial animal biomass.[6] Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves. Their long co-evolution with other species has led to mimetic, commensal, parasitic, and mutualistic relationships.[7]
Ant societies have division of labour, communication between individuals, and an ability to solve complex problems.[8] These parallels with human societies have long been an inspiration and subject of study.
Many human cultures make use of ants in cuisine, medication and rituals. Some species are valued in their role as biological pest control agents.[9] However, their ability to exploit resources brings ants into conflict with humans, as they can damage crops and invade buildings. Some species, such as the red imported fire ant, are regarded as invasive species, establishing themselves in areas where they are accidentally introduced.[10]
蚂蚁是社会 昆虫的家庭蚁 （发音/fɔrmɪsɨdiː/ ），并连同相关黄蜂和蜜蜂 ，属于秩序膜翅目 。 Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid- Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants .蚂蚁进化 ，从中期的蜂类的祖先白垩纪年期110至130万年前和多元化的兴起后， 开花植物 。 More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist. 12500多出22000总估计物种已被归类。 [3] [4]他们很容易识别其腰部肘击天线和一个独特的节点结构，形成一个像细长。
Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies which may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals.蚂蚁形式的殖民地 ，个人范围的大小从几十个人的小生活在自然的掠夺腔高度有组织的殖民地可能占用大量百万领土和组成。 These larger colonies consist mostly of sterile wingless females forming castes of "workers", "soldiers", or other specialised groups.这些更大的殖民地大多由女性组成的无菌无翅“工人”，“兵”，或其他专业团体种姓。 Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile females called " queens ".几乎所有的蚁群肥沃的男性也有一些所谓的“雄蜂”和一个或多个肥沃的女性被称为“ 皇后 “。 The colonies are sometimes described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. [ 5 ]菌落有时称为超有机体 ，因为蚂蚁似乎作为一个统一的实体，共同合作，以支持殖民地。 [5]
Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth .蚂蚁殖民地陆地上几乎每一个地球 。 The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands.土著蚂蚁唯一的地方缺乏的是南极洲和一些偏远或荒凉的岛屿。 Ants thrive in most ecosystems, and may form 15–25% of the terrestrial animal biomass . [ 6 ] Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves.蚂蚁在大多数生态系统中茁壮成长，并可能形成的15-25％的陆地动物 生物量 。 [6]其环境的成功在很多已被归因于他们的社会组织和他们的能力修改栖息地，开发资源，保卫自己。 Their long co-evolution with other species has led to mimetic , commensal , parasitic , and mutualistic relationships. [ 7 ]他们长期共同进化与其他物种，导致模仿 ， 共生 ， 寄生 ，和互惠的关系。 [7]
Ant societies have division of labour , communication between individuals, and an ability to solve complex problems . [ 8 ] These parallels with human societies have long been an inspiration and subject of study.蚂蚁社会有分工 ，个人之间的沟通，并有能力解决复杂问题 。 [8]与这些类似人类社会长期以来一直激励和研究的课题。
Many human cultures make use of ants in cuisine, medication and rituals.许多人类文化作出的在烹饪，药品和仪式蚂蚁使用。 Some species are valued in their role as biological pest control agents. [ 9 ] However, their ability to exploit resources brings ants into conflict with humans, as they can damage crops and invade buildings.有些品种的价值在他们的角色， 生物虫害控制剂。 [9]然而，他们能够利用的资源带来了人类与蚂蚁发生冲突，因为它们可以破坏庄稼，侵入建筑物。 Some species, such as the red imported fire ant , are regarded as invasive species , establishing themselves in areas where they are accidentally introduced. [ 10 ]如有些物种， 红火蚁 ，被认为是入侵物种 ，建立自己的地区，他们是在偶然介绍。 [10]本回答被提问者和网友采纳