第1个回答 推荐于2017-09-24
动词不定式用法解读动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是#to +动词原形#,但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:
一。带to的不定式结构
1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:
Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。
二。不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:
1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:
You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It]s cold outside. You]d better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn]t see you come in.我没看见你进来。
3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
#Why not+不带to的不定式#是Why don]t you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:
Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。
Why not take a holiday。=Why don]t you take a holiday。为什么不休个假呢。
三。动词不定式作主语
不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。参见本期本面《#小鬼it#它当家》中it作形式主语的用法。
四。动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:
I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。
五。动词不定式作宾语
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如:
I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。
We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。
六。动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:
1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。例如:
He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。
2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:
The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。
3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。
七。动词不定式作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。
2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:
I]m sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。
3.用在too... to...结构中。例如:
He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事。本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答 2020-02-17
1.
不定式定义
:由to+动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途:
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】
1.定义:动词
+
不定式
2.用途:
动词不定式在句中可以作句子任何成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为
逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not)
to
make
(not)
to
be
made
完成式
(not)
to
have
made
(not)
to
have
been
made
进行式
(not)
to
be
making
完成进行式
(not)
to
have
been
making
(
1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
to
Mary's
birthday
party.(不定式作主语)
It
was
impossible
for
lost
time
to
be
made
up.(不定式作主语)
I
wish
to
be
sent
to
work
in
the
country.(不定式作宾语)
Can
you
tell
me
which
is
the
car
to
be
repaired?(不定式作定语)
He
went
to
the
hospital
to
be
examined.(不定式作状语)
在There
be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There
are
still
many
things
to
t
ake
care
of
(to
be
taken
care
of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These
is
nothing
to
do
now.(
We
have
nothing
to
do
now.)
There
is
nothing
to
be
done
now.(We
can
do
nothing
now.)
(2)时态
1)
现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
=
I
hope
that
I'll
see
you
again. 我希望再见到你。
2)
完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
3)
进行时:
表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
4)
完成进行时:
She
is
known
to
have
been
wreaking
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表
语等。如:
①When
to
leave
for
London
has
not
been
decided
yet.
(不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr.
Smith
didn't
know
whether
to
leave
or
stay
there.
(不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I
asked
Professor
Xu
how
to
learn
English
well.
(不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
④The
question
was
where
to
get
the
medicine
needed.
(不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When
we
shall
leave…③…how
I
could
learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find
out,forget,hear,know,lea
rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
第3个回答 2020-04-09
1.
不定式定义
:由to+动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途:
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】
1.定义:动词
+
不定式
2.用途:
动词不定式在句中可以作句子任何成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为
逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not)
to
make
(not)
to
be
made
完成式
(not)
to
have
made
(not)
to
have
been
made
进行式
(not)
to
be
making
完成进行式
(not)
to
have
been
making
(
1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
to
Mary's
birthday
party.(不定式作主语)
It
was
impossible
for
lost
time
to
be
made
up.(不定式作主语)
I
wish
to
be
sent
to
work
in
the
country.(不定式作宾语)
Can
you
tell
me
which
is
the
car
to
be
repaired?(不定式作定语)
He
went
to
the
hospital
to
be
examined.(不定式作状语)
在There
be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There
are
still
many
things
to
t
ake
care
of
(to
be
taken
care
of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These
is
nothing
to
do
now.(
We
have
nothing
to
do
now.)
There
is
nothing
to
be
done
now.(We
can
do
nothing
now.)
(2)时态
1)
现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
=
I
hope
that
I'll
see
you
again. 我希望再见到你。
2)
完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
3)
进行时:
表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
4)
完成进行时:
She
is
known
to
have
been
wreaking
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表
语等。如:
①When
to
leave
for
London
has
not
been
decided
yet.
(不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr.
Smith
didn't
know
whether
to
leave
or
stay
there.
(不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I
asked
Professor
Xu
how
to
learn
English
well.
(不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
④The
question
was
where
to
get
the
medicine
needed.
(不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When
we
shall
leave…③…how
I
could
learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find
out,forget,hear,know,lea
rn,observe,understand,wonder等。