后置定语

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形容词是表示人或事物的性质、特征或属性的一类词。它在句中可以充当定语,对名词起修饰、描绘作用,还可以充当表语、宾语补足语等。形容词作定语修饰名词时,一般放在被修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。但有时也可放在被修饰的名词之后,称作后置定语。下面对形容词作后置定语的情形作一归纳,供同学们学习时参考。

1. 当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。例如:

Have you ever met anyone famous ?

你曾经见过名人吗?

He did everything possible to help us .

他做了一切可能做的来帮助我们。

There is something wrong with the computer .

这台电脑出毛病了。

注意:若something 前面有定冠词修饰,形容词不用后置。例如:There , on the table , was the mysterious something that they had been looking for . 看,在桌子上,正是他们一直孜孜以求的神秘的东西。

2. 形容词组作定语须后置,其功能相当于一个定语从句。例如:

_________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills .

A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

They are the boys easiest to teach . 他们是最容易教的孩子。(划线部分相当于who are easiest to teach)

The basket full of some fruits belongs to the old woman . 盛满各种水果的这个篮子是这位老妇人的。(划线部分相当于which is full of some fruits )

Those brave enough to take the course must be the top students in the grade . 那些敢于选修这门课程的学生一定是本年级的尖子生。(划线部分相当于who are brave enough)

3. 两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语,进一步说明被修饰名词的作用,此时须后置。例如:

Power stations , large and small , have been set up all over the country . 大大小小的水电站已经在全国各地兴建起来了。(划线部分相当于which are large and small)

Every book , new or old , should be put in the room . 不论新书还是旧书都应该放在这个房间里。(划线部分相当于which are new or old)

4. 形容词else常位于不定代词或疑问代词后作定语。例如:

Anything else I can do for you ? 我能为你做些别的事情吗?

What else did they say ? 他们还说了些什么?

5. 形容词比较等级结构修饰名词时须后置。例如:

The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one . 史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大一倍的车库。

He has booked the seat farthest from the door on the train for us . 他已经为我们预定了火车上离车门最远的座位。

6. “基数词+表示时间或度量单位的名词+形容词”结构可用来修饰名词,起定语作用。此时,该类结构的词组须后置。例如;

Yesterday , a Mr Brown , 28 years old , came to visit you . 昨天,一位二十八岁,自称是布朗先生的人来拜访过你。

There used to be a tall building about 50 metres high . 过去,这里曾经有一座大约50米高的大楼。

7. 部分以a-开头的表语形容词,如:alive , alike , alone , awake 等,有时也可以作定语修饰名词。此时,须将该形容词置于被修饰的名词之后。例如:

She was the only person awake at that night . 她是那天晚上惟一一个醒着的人。

You are the happiest children alive . 你们是当代最幸福的孩子。

8. 形容词responsible 作“可信赖的;可靠的”解时,作前置定语;作“有责任的;应负责的”解时,须作后置定语。例如:

He is a responsible man . 他是一个可以信赖的人。

The man responsible should be their manager . 负责任的应该是他们的经理。

9. 形容词present 作“现在的;目前的;现存的”解时,作前置定语;作“出席的;在场的”解时,须作后置定语。例如:

What is your present address ? 你现在的住址是什么?

The present international situation is excellent . 当前的国际形势一片大好。

The professors present at the meeting came from Shandong University . 出席这次会议的教授们来自山东大学。

The students present welcomed the decision . 在场的学生都欢迎那个决议。

10. 形容词worth构成的词组作定语时,常常后置。例如:

In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians , Natives Americans , for a handful of goods worth $24 . 曼哈顿岛是于1626年从当地的印第安人(即美洲土著人)手中买来的,只花了价值约为24美元的为数不多的货物。

A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy . 对他来讲,买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵。(划线部分相当于which / that is worth $ 8,000)

The tall building worth 200,000 dollars in all has been sold to a foreigner . 总计达20万美元的高楼已经卖给了一位外国人。

参考资料:http://www.chinaedu.com/101resource004/wenjianku/200344/101ktb/ztfd/F10E0315/F10E0315.htm

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第1个回答  2006-05-27
后置定语
① Try the small science quiz below to see if you know any better.
试试下面的科普知识小测验,看看你是否懂得多一点。
【解析】此句中的below为副词,意为“在下面”,作后置定语。再如:
Standing on top of the hill, we found the city below very beautiful.
站在山顶上,我们发现下面的城市非常美丽。
Write down eight key words that you expect to find in the reading passage below.
写下在下文中预计会出现的8个关键词。
注:其他一些副词作后置定语的情况
② He was knocked down by a car on his way home.
他在回家的路上被车撞了。
【解析】常见作后置定语的副词:back, here, there, above, downstairs, upstairs等等。再如:
The air here is very fresh.
这儿的空气很新鲜。
On my way home, I met an old friend of mine.
在回家的路上我遇见了一位老朋友。
The books here are all for you.
这儿的书都是给你的。
The people there are very friendly.
那里的人们非常友好。
The child was lost in the crowd and couldn’t find the way back.
那个孩子在人群中迷路了,找不到回去的路了。
When do you think the inventions in the pictures above were made?
你认为上面图片里的物体是什么时候发明的?
The man downstairs got home very late that night.
楼下的那个人那天晚上回来得很晚。
Please fetch me the electric shaver from the room upstairs.
请帮我把楼上房间里的电动剃须刀拿来。
注:我们通常将作定语用的形容词放在它所修饰的名词之前,如:a new computer, a clever
boy, a beautiful garden等等。但是,有时需将作定语用的形容词放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。下面对这种后置定语作一归纳。
③ Are you doing anything important tonight?
你今晚有要紧事儿吗?
【解析】作定语用的形容词修饰something, anything, everybody等不定代词时要后置。Somewhere虽是副词,但它后面跟的修饰语不像是状语,却像是后置定语。再如:
—Is there anything new in today”s newspaper?
今天的报纸上有什么新的内容吗?
—No, there is nothing new.
没有什么新的内容。
I don”t get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something wrong with it.
我家电视机屏幕上的图像不清晰,它一定有什么毛病了。
He has something interesting to tell you.
他有些有趣的事要告诉你。
Let’s go somewhere quiet.
让我们到安静点的地方去。
注:something等不定代词前面有冠词或指示代词时,作定语用的形容词要前置。例如:
And there, glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test tubes on the tables, was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find: Radium.
在那儿,在桌子上的玻璃试管中,正闪烁着微弱的蓝光,这就是他们付出极其艰辛的劳动所要寻找的那种神秘的东西:镭。
④ He was the only man awake at that time.
他是当时唯一醒着的人。
【解析】带前缀a-的形容词通常作表语用,但这些形容词作定语时,需要后置。常见的这类形容词有alive, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, ablaze, awake等。再如:
Who is the greatest man alive?
当今最伟大的人物是谁?
Time alone will show you who is right.
只有时间将会表明谁是正确的。
The house ablaze is next door to me.
着火的那所房子就在我家隔壁。
The young woman went out to work with a boy asleep on her back.
这位少妇背上背着一个呼呼大睡的男孩去上班了。
⑤ Never have I read a novel so interesting and instructive.
我从未看过这么有趣而有教育意义的小说。
【解析】含相近意义的两个(或两上以上的)形容词作定语时要后置;两个含相反意义的并列形容词中间常用and或or相连,这些并列的形容词作定语时,通常要后置。再如:
The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the beach.
这男孩精疲力竭,又饥又渴,倒在海边的沙滩上。
The peasants, old and young, all went to get in the crops today.
今天那些农民,有老的,有少的,都去收割庄稼了。
The trees, big and small, grow well.
不管是大树还是小树,都生长良好。
⑥ There is a tree eight metres tall in front of his house.
他家门前有一棵8米高的树。
【解析】作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短语连用时要后置,但也可用前置定语。再如:
He crossed a street fifteen metres wide. (= He crossed a 15-metre-wide street.)
他横穿过一条15米宽的街道。
He has a sister twenty years old. (= He has a 20-year-old sister.)
他有一个20岁的姐姐。
There is an avenue two kilometers long in this city. (= There is a 2000-metre-long avenue in this city.)
这座城市里有一条两公里长的林荫道。
⑦ The girl responsible for the accident was expelled.
对事故负有责任的那个姑娘被开除了。
【解析】某些以后缀-able和-ible结尾的形容词作定语时也可后置,常见的这类形容词有sensible, visible, responsible, possible, acceptable, remarkable, available等。再如:
He has no tickets available for Friday’s performance.
他没有弄到星期五演出的门票。
The engineers have tried all the means possible.
那几位工程师试用过所有可以采用的方法。
⑧ The old fisherman drew in an old basket full of sand.
老渔夫拖上来一只旧篮子,篮子里面全是沙子。
【解析】形容词短语作定语时要后置。再如:
Antarctica is a continent very difficult to reach.
南极洲是一块很难到达的大陆。
A TV set worth 2,000 yuan is not too expensive.
一台价值2, 000元的电视机不算太贵。
My uncle”s family live in a house much larger than ours.
我叔叔一家住的房子比我们家的房子大得多。
注:有些作定语用的形容词前置或后置时,意义大不相同。例如:
The people present at the meeting are all workers.
出席会议的都是工人。
Professor Chen gave us a lecture on the present international situation yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午陈教授给我们作了一个关于目前国际形势的报告。
The tools used are made in China.
所使用的工具都是中国制造的。
The used tools are on the floor.
旧工具放在地板上。
Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the following brackets.
用下列括号内单词的适当形式填空。
The United States proper is almost the same size as China.
美国本土的面积与中国差不多一样大。
相关自测题
1. Fill in the blanks with the words in the _________.
A. above box B. below box C. box above D. under box
2. “Can you find the _________”? said the policeman to the little boy.
A. way back home B. home way back C. back home way D. back way home
3. There wasn’t ___________ in the manager’s speech. It was boring.
A. interesting anything B. something interesting
C. anything of interesting D. anything of interest
4. Mr Scott is one of the ________ after the terrible earthquake in that village.
A. alive survivors B. live survivors C. survivors alive D. living survivors
5. Yesterday, a Mr Brown, _________, came to visit you.
A. 28-year-old B. 28 years old C. 28-years-old D. of 28 year old
答案与解析
1. C。above副词作定语应后置。
2. A。back副词作定语应后置。
3. D。作定语用的短语of interest修饰不定代词时要后置。这个句子是否定句,因此选项B不对。
4. C。部分以a-开头的表语形容词有时也可作定语,但须后置。
B。作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短语连用时要后置。但复合形容词28-year-old只能作前置定语。
第2个回答  2006-05-27
形容词作后置定语的几种情况

1. 当形容词修饰由 any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等构成的复合不定代词时,形容词需要后置。

2. 当形容词修饰起名词作用的 anywhere , somewhere 时,通常后置。

3. 以 -able 或 -ible 结尾的形容词一般充当后置定语,表示暂时的特征或现象,而且中心名词前大多有形容词最高级或 all, only, every 等。

4. 以字母 a- 开头的表语形容词,如 asleep, awake, afraid, afloat, alive 等作定语时,通常后置。

5. else 修饰疑问代词时,须后置。

6. 当形容词前有 so, more, most 等词修饰时,常后置。

7. 形容词短语通常后置,其功能相当于一个定语从句。

8. 两个或两个以上的形容词用 and 或 or 连接作定语,表示强调意义时要后置。

9. 形容词比较结构须后置定语。

10. 有些形容词作前置定语时和后置定语时所表达的意义不同。

二、副词 here, there, in, out, above, below, home, abroad, before, yesterday 等作定语时,需要后置。

三、介词短语作定语时须后置。

四、动词不定式(短语)作定语时须后置。

五、单个分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)作定语时,如果强调的不是永久的特点,而仅是分词本身的动作时,通常后置;分词短语则须作后置定语。例如:

六、定语从句通常用作后置定语。
参考资料:http://www.chinaedu.com/Eol/014/eol03_1_cz4.htm
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