实质区别:what只可引导名词性从句,whatever既可引导名词性从句,还可作状语,引导让步状语从句。
what 做代词,意为“…的事物”,“(用以询问某人或某事物的词)什么、多少”,单独使用时,只能引导【名词性从句】, 并在从句中做主语或宾语,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等,意思是【什么(事、情况、内容等)】.例如:
What we need is more practice.主语从句
He told me what had happened to him on the island.宾语从句
This is what we have got from the project.表语从句
whatever用作代词,意为“任何(事物)”、“每样(事物) 无论什么”、“不管什么”,既可以引导名词性从句,也能引导【让步状语从句】,意思是【无论/不管什么(事、情况、内容等)】.
相互转化:只有在【引导让步状语从句】时,whatever=no matter what.
Whatever happens will never change my Chinese heart.主语从句
I'd like to do whatever I can to help you.宾语从句
对比:
Whatever happens will never change my Chinese heart.
=No matter what happens,it will never change my Chinese heart.
补充:no matter what意为“无论如何”、“不管怎样”.只有在【引导让步状语从句】时,whatever=no matter what. 相互转化,也就是说,引导名词性从句,whatever【不能直接替换】为no matter what。
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