ç·ççå½åæ³å¸¸ç¨çæ3ç§ï¼ç°åè¿°å¦ä¸ï¼ä»
éäºæå½ï¼ï¼ æ®éå½åæ³äº¦ç§°ä¹ æ¯å½åæ³ï¼éç¨äºæ¯è¾ç®åçç·çã碳ååæ°å¨10以ä¸çç·çï¼åå«ç¨ç²ãä¹ãä¸ãä¸ãæãå·±ãåºãè¾ã壬ãç¸ç天干å称表示碳ååæ°ç®ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼CH4称为
ç²ç·ï¼C2H6称为
ä¹ç·ï¼C3H8称为
ä¸ç·ï¼ä½æ¤ç±»æ¨ï¼ç¢³ååæ°å¨10以ä¸æ¶ç¨æ±ææ°å表示ï¼ä¾å¦C11H24称为åä¸ç·ï¼C18H38称为åå
«ç·ã
为äºåºå«å¼æä½ï¼å¯ç¨âæ£âãâå¼âãâæ°âçä½åç¼æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºãâæ£â表示ç´é¾ç·çï¼âå¼â表示碳é¾ä¸ç«¯å
·æï¼CH3)2CHâç»æï¼æ¤å¤åæ å
¶ä»ä¾§é¾è
ï¼âæ°â表示碳é¾ä¸ç«¯æï¼CH3)Câç»ææ¤å¤åæ å
¶ä»ä¾§é¾çå«5ã6个碳ååçç·çï¼ä¾å¦ï¼
CH3âCH2âCH2âCH2âCH2âCH3
æ£å·±ç·CH3âCHâCH2âCH2âCH3 å¼å·±ç·ããâ£ããCH3
CH3ãã|ããCH3âCHâCH2âCH3 æ°å·±ç·ãã|ããCH3
CH3
â£
CH3âCHâCH---CH2
â£
CH3
22.äºç²åºä¸ç·
è¡çç©å½åæ³
è¡çç©å½åæ³æ¯ä»¥ç²ç·ä¸ºæ¯ä½ï¼æå
¶ä»ç·ççä½æ¯ç²ç·ç
ç·åºè¡çç©æ¥å½åãå¨å½åæ¶éæ©è¿æç·åºæå¤ç碳ååï¼ç·åºæ大å°é¡ºåºæåï¼è¾å°çæå¨åé¢ãä¾å¦ï¼
CH3âCHâCH2âCH3ããâ£ããCH3ããäºç²åºä¹åºç²ç·
äºç²åºä¹åºå¼ä¸åºç²ç·
è¿ç§å½åæ³è½ç¶è½åæ åºç·ççååæé ï¼ä½ä»ä¸éç¨äºæé æ´ä¸ºå¤æçç·çã è¿æ¯éç¨å½é
ä¸éç¨çIUPACå½åååï¼å¹¶ç»åæå½çæåç¹ç¹èå¶å®ç
ç³»ç»å½åæ³ãç´é¾ç·ççå½åä¸æ®éå½åæ³åºæ¬ä¸è´ï¼åªæ¯æâæ£âåçç¥ï¼èæ带ææ¯é¾çç·ççä½æ¯ç´é¾ç·ççç·åºè¡çç©ï¼å¹¶æä¸åè§å®å½åï¼
ï¼1ï¼éæ©ååä¸æé¿ç碳é¾ä¸ºä¸»é¾ï¼ææ¯é¾ç·åºçå主é¾ä¸çå代åºï¼æ ¹æ®ä¸»é¾æå«ç碳ååæ°ç§°ä¸ºæç·ã
ï¼2ï¼ç±è·ç¦»æ¯é¾æè¿çä¸ç«¯å¼å§ï¼å°ä¸»é¾ç碳ååç¨
é¿æ伯æ°åç¼å·ï¼æ¯é¾æå¨çä½ç½®ä»¥å®æè¿æ¥ç碳ååçå·æ°è¡¨ç¤ºã
ï¼3ï¼æå代åºçå称åå¨ç·çå称çåé¢ï¼å¦æ主é¾ä¸å«æå 个ä¸åçå代åºæ¶ï¼æç
§ç±å°å°å¤§ç顺åºæåï¼å¦æå«æå 个ç¸åçå代åºï¼å¯ä»¥å¨å代åºå称åé¢ç¨äºãä¸ãåâ¦â¦æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºã
å¦æä»ç¢³é¾çä»»ä¸ç«¯å¼å§ï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå代åºçä½ç½®é½ç¸åæ¶ï¼åè¦æ±è¡¨ç¤ºææå代åºä½ç½®çæ°åä¹åæ¯æå°çæ°ã
追é®ä¸¾ä¸ªä¾å