及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)有什么区别?它们的用法又有什么不同?

如题所述

及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语! 如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句!! (一、) 分清及物不及物: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况: a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。 这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 及物动词不需要介词 在英语错误中,"及物动词+介词+宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形: ①a. We study every day. b. Do you study English every day. ②a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的; *③a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *④a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和⑥: ⑤ John is giving a book to me. ⑥ Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: *⑦ Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错: "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for"是多余的,要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改为"waiting for"也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如: ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的。 下面是些类似的错误: ● The young must obey to their elders. ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man. ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker. ● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes. ● Do you hope to serve for your nation? ● When did Susan marry with Paul? 介词"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对。 为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把"及物动词+宾语"和"不及物动词+介词+宾语"划分清楚,如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如: Don't approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching? 这些是我在百度帮你搜的,希望对你有帮助
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第1个回答  2014-08-06
1,及物动词后面可以直接加"物"或者"人. He gives me a pen.(give就是典型的及物动词.这句子还能换成He gives a pen to me.) We will post the letter soon.我们马上会寄那封信. 及物动词有很多,而不及物动词一定要加上的什么at,in,on,之类介词的. 不及物动词就是后面不能直接加上"物"或者人的,一定要有个介词如in,at,on之类的隔开才行. We will arrive at the airport at 9:00.我们9点到机场. She smiles at me every time we meet.我们每次见面的时候她都对我笑. The boy goes to school by bus.这男生坐公车上学.(go home,go there,come here中为什么没有介词呢?不是因为这里的come,go变成及物动词了,是因为home,here,there这仨很讨厌的副词..前面不能再加介词了~~~这仨很常考滴~小心~) "Come to my house and have dinner with us tonight.""今晚来我家跟我们用餐吧." 2,及物动词是可以用在被动语态的但是不及物动词就不行了~ He gives me a pen变被动就成了 A pen is given to me (by him). 但像上面那些例子一般不可能考被动的---因为很明显根本改不过来.不及物动词不能用在被动语态的一般考在被动语态的知识里. 比如,happen,take place两个都是发生的意思. An accident happened here last night.这里昨天发生了一起事故. 这个句子里是绝对不能说----An accident was happened here last night."Happen"是不及物动词,不能用被动.take place也是一样的道理----不能说"Many changes are taken place here recently."而应该是,"Many changes take place here recently."(最近这里发生了很多变化.) 一般区分的时候会用到的就这俩个吧...差不多好像...学生考的差不多就这些了~俺也是学生滴~自己整出来的~希望你看得明白~老师一般讲的时候都不会含糊的~不清楚的话及时去问.It does not matter! “enjoys”是因为,主语SHE是第三人称,如果是第一人称I,You就不用加了本回答被提问者采纳
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