宾语从句:是做动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。
一、做动词的宾语:
I
think
(that)
you
will
like
the
pictures.
我想你会喜欢这些画的。
(连接词that无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,可以省略)
当宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)有一宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句置于句末。例如:
I
feel
it
important
that
they
finish
their
own
task
in
time.
(我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。)
二、做介词宾语:
They
are
worrying
about
whether
they
can
get
there
in
time.
You
can
write
about
whatever
topic
you
can
think
of.
三、做形容词宾语:
Are
you
sure
what
you
will
do
next?
I'm
afraid
that
he
will
fail
in
the
exam.
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名次性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
一、
限定性定语从句
1.
that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.
which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.
代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,
anything,
much等,这时的that常被省略
4.
who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.
where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6.
when引导定语从句表示时间
[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By
the
time
you
arrive
in
London,
we
will
have
stayed
there
for
two
weeks.
I
still
remember
the
first
time
I
met
her.
Each
time
he
goes
to
besiness
trip,
he
brings
a
lot
of
living
necessities,
such
as
towers,
soap,
toothbrush
etc.
7.
whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8.
当从句的逻辑主语是some,
any,
no,
somebody,
anybody,
nobody,
something,
anything,
everything或nothing时,常用there
is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.
which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.
在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in
which,
at
which,
for
which或at
which
Attitudes
towards
daydreaming
are
changing
in
much
the
same
way
that(in
which)
attitudes
towards
night
dreaming
have
changed.
人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I
like
the
music
for
the
very
reason
that(for
which)
he
dislike
it.
我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We
arrived
the
day
that(on
which)
they
left.
刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3.
有时as也可用作关系代词
4.
在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,
whom代表人,用which代表事物.
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