be是一个连系动词,它有自己不同的形式
现在时:be
进行时:being
过去时:was/were
过去分词:been
它的后面必须跟形容词或名词作表语,与之构成系表结构,充当句子的谓语。
i
am
a
student主语:i
谓语:am
a
student(系表结构)
being是它的现在进行时态,一般不单独用,而是用于现在进行时的被动语态。(being+动词过去分词)
the
bike
is
being
repaired.单车正在被修理中。
it
is
being
finished
by
him这正在被他完成中。
been是它的过去分词,也不一般单独使用,而是用于现在完成时、过去完成时以及需要它的句子。
i
have
been
here
for
a
long
time.我已经到这里有一段时间了。
至于你的问题,这与你想表达的意思有关。
你的工作是什么?
what
do
you
do?
what
is
your
job?
那么这里选用do和is有什么根据呢?
第一句里面,第二个do是指你做什么,也就是你的工作,就是一个实义动词。按中文说,what
you
do已经足够了。可是英语里面就不行,必须跟一个助动词,也就是do.
这里就有了一个结论:当句子中有动词时,我们就用助动词do或是does.如果没有动词时,我们就选用is或是are,也就是b“be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am,
is,
are,
been,
being,
was,
were.
在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(the
principal
verb)或助动词(the
auxiliary
verb).
当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(the
linking
verb),
后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(the
complement)。例如:
1.
the
man
is
a
science
teacher.
2.
mary's
new
dresses
are
colourful.
3.
i
have
been
there
before.
4.
mother
is
in
the
kitchen
now.
这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可:
5.
is
the
man
a
science
teacher?
6.
are
mary's
new
dresses
colourful?
7.
have
i
been
there
before?
8.
is
mother
in
the
kitchen
now?
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助,如:
9.
don't
be
silly!
10.
do
be
obedient!
11.
don't
be
a
fool!
“be”有两种缩写法,如下:
12.
he's
not...../he
isn't....
13.
you're
not...../you
aren't...
但“am
+
not”的缩写法只有一个:
14.
i'm
not.
有人用“ain't”,
但这并不是标准英语。
谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,有些什么用法:
1.“be
+
现在分词”以组成进行式时态(continuous
tenses),如:
15.
tony's
maid
is
washing
his
new
car.
16.
the
children
are
playing
in
the
field.
17.
samuel
was
eating
when
i
came
in.
18.
we
have
been
living
here
since
1959.
2.“be
+
过去分词”以组成被动语态(the
passive
voice),如:
19.
her
money
in
the
drawer
was
stolen.
20.
a
number
of
good
jobs
are
taken
up
byforeigners.
21.
david
studied
in
taiwan
but
has
been
trained
as
a
language
lecturer
in
america.
22.
can
all
the
wonderful
birds
be
found
in
our
bird
park?
23.
the
disobedient
boy
was
told
to
stand
out-
side
the
classroom.
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