1．主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：
讲述“谁”
We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么”
The classroom is very big.
数词作主语
Three are enough. 三个人就够了
不定式作主语
To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.
从句作主语
What we need is food.
我们最需要的是食物.
2．谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
I can speak a lit'tle Eng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
3．表语
表语是谓语的一部分，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词如Be的后面。
形容词作表语
You look younger than before.
名词作表语
My father is a teacher.
副词作表语
Everyone is here.
4．宾语
▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在及物动词之后。有时，会有双宾语。如：
名词作宾语
He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语
He often helps me.
不定式作宾语
He likes to sleep in the open air.
5．宾语的补足语
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:
名词作宾补
If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容词作宾补
不定式短语作宾语补足语
后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等
比如：
Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese， so his Chinese is much better than before.
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.
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