英语中的不定式怎么用

Question

用法，不要太难的

Answer 1

　　英语中的不定式用法：
　　1．作主语
　　作主语用的动词不定式常常用
　　it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
　　It's easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo．在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。
　　It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea．目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。
　　2．作宾语
　　Indians like to eat hot food．印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。
　　They need to look at a map．他们需要查看地图。
　　有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如：
　　Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？　　They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers．他们改进了软件，使人们使用计算机更简便了。
　　3．作表语
　　It seems to be an interesting book．它看起来是本有趣的书。
　　The old man's job is to take care of the flowers in the garden．这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。
　　4．作宾语补足语
　　He told me not to bring you anything．他叫我不要给你带任何东西。
　　Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？
　　5．作定语
　　动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：
　　In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do．我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat．他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。
　　6．作状语
　　（1）表示目的　　You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets．当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。
　　In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft．在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。
　　（2）表示结果
　　动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。例如：
　　It's too heavy to carry．太重了搬不动。
　　The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people．加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
　　7．和某些形容词连用
　　和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure，ready，happy，sorry，afraid等。例如：
　　He's very happy to see his wife．他见到妻子非常高兴。
　　I'm sorry to trouble you．很抱歉打扰你了。
　　8．和疑问词who，what，when，where，which，how构成不定式短语作宾语。
　　例如：
　　I don't know how to use a computer．我不知道怎样使用计算机。
　　Can you tell me when to start？你能告诉我什么时候出发吗？

Answer 2

一、作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你能使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
二、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

补充回答： b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
三、作主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
四、作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
五、作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
六、作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

Answer 3

当前面有系动词（即AM，ARE，IS，WAS，WERE）的时候，就用动名词
当句前有“TO”就用不定式

Answer 4

不定式(to
do
)和动名词（doing)两种都是非谓语形式
不定式可以表目的,表将来等.而Ing形式则用来表进行时,表主动关系.

Answer 5

下面为三种常见的用法：
1） like to do
to do不定式放在动词后面做动词的宾语
2）it is good to do sth
to do不定式在句子中做主语
3) I come here to help you
to do 不定时在句子中做状语，表示目的

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状语是什么呢

追答

状语通常表示主语是在什么状况下做的某事
比如因为什么原因--原因状语，在什么时间---时间状语，为了什么目的--目的状语....等。

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