英语的宾语从句的知识

Question

英语的宾语从句可以说是比较复杂的了。
我就常常把宾语从句和定语从句混乱，弄得总是做错题，究竟宾语从句和定语从句的分别是什么？
而且，宾语从句中一般要求用陈述句语序，但我记得好像有几个宾语从句是要用疑问句正常的语序，印象是问发生了什么那种。。
希望能够结合句子，把宾语从句的知识和一些特殊例子都列出来。。谢谢啦，各位仁兄仁姐帮帮小妹，快要考试了，是竞赛题，难度挺高的，谢谢了。

Answer 1

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
　　1．语序
　　无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
　　1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
　　Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
　　The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
　　2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
　　He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
　　The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
　　3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
　　He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
　　Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
　　4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
　　Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
　　She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
　　2．连接词
　　1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
　　He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
　　2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
　　I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
　　但在下列情况下只能用whether：
　　①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
　　Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
　　I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
　　I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。
　　②在介词之后用whether。如：
　　I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
　　We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
　　I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
　　③在不定式前用whether。如：
　　He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
　　I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
　　He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
　　④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
　　Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
　　⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
　　Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
　　The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
　　⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
　　Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
　　a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
　　b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
　　3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
　　Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
　　3．时态
　　含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
　　1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
　　I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
　　He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
　　2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
　　①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
　　②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
　　3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
　　The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
　　4．注意：
　　if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
　　—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
　　—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
　　—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
　　—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
　　简化宾语从句常用六法
　　同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
　　　　方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
　　　　Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
　　　　We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
　　　　方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　　　She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
　　　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　　　Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
　　　　方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
　　　　The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
　　　　方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
　　　　He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
　　　　The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
　　　　方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
　　　　Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
　　　　方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
　　　　It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
　　　　除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
　　　　I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
　　Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
　　They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy

Answer 2

先放例子找感觉：~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
Do you know the girl who is in red?

语法~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
宾语从句的用法
1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略
（2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是：
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

定语从句的用法
(一) 定语从句的作用
作用 在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。
关联词 关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。
(二) 关系代词的作用
作用 例 句
1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语）
2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）
2.作表语 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语）
3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语）
5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）
4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定语）
(三) 须用that引导的定语从句
情 况 例 句
nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句.something两者均可。 Is there anything that I can do for you?
2.指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。 The first thing that we should do is to help him.
3.指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
4.指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。 That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
5.先行词既指人又指物时。 They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
6.主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing over there?
Which is the tool that you are looking for?
(四).不可由that引导的定语从句
1.在非限制性定语从句中。 Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor .
2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。 This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .
3.由that作先行词时。 The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops.
4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代词作先行词时。 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
（五）.非限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能用that引导定语从句。2.关系代词不能省略。
（六）关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。
1． When指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如：
October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2． Where指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如：
We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.
3. why代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如:
Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?

你说的特例是有几个~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
What's the matter是不变语序的
没几个吧。。。印象种就这个了本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 3

定语从句修饰句子中的名词 宾语从句在句子中作宾语
定语从句是修饰作用 宾语从句是在句子中做成分

至于那个疑问句语序的 应该是 what is wrong 或 what is the matter 出现在宾语从句中的从句部分

Answer 4

I want to know what's (the matter)/wrong/trouble with you.你说的是这个吧，这个就是疑问句正常的语序。

Answer 5

A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.