第1个回答 2009-04-18
( 1 )、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。
(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别:
① A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析:你看过这部电影吗?( A )句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;( B )句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
② A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析:他是怎么做的这件事?( A )句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;( B )句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析:他在北京住了 8 年。( A )句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。( B )句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了。
(2)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
比:I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。(看上去很漂亮)
I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。(不需要再浇了)
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的。
(3)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for live hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。(说话时还在上午)
I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。(说话时已是下午或晚上)
完成态终止性动词变延续性动词规则表
基本变化规则
a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
1、用have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代get up
3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up;
7. have died → have been dead;
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;
11. havemarried → have been married;
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
第2个回答 2009-04-23
一般过去时
⑴表示过去发生的动作或状态,通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。
I went to the zoo yesterday.
I stayed up last night ..
⑵叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。
This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family .
⑶表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。
He worked in the store for 5 years.
⑷讲故事时用一般过去时,但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。
⑸ used to do sth. 过去常常(习惯)做某事
be used to doing sth 一直习惯做某事
I used to get up early.
I am used to getting up early.
过去进行时
⑴ 表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或状态。
I was watching TV at 11 last night.
⑵ 表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作或状态,但说话时动作并没有发生。
He was writing a book last week.
⑶ 表开始,表结束,表移动的瞬间动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start)用在过去进行时中,表示过去的将来即将发生的动作或状态
Yesterday he said he was leaving for Shanghai next week.
⑷ 过去进行时与always总是, constantly始终, really非常, actually实际上, often经常, usually通常, all the time一直、总是, continually一直,等副词连用时,表示过去反复出现或发生习的惯性动作,此时常表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬,遗憾,讨厌或不满等。
When he was a boy he was always crying.
⑸讲故事时用一般过去时,但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。
现在完成时:
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
第3个回答 2009-04-13
I did the homework.过去式。意思就是做的动作在过去做的,就叫过去式。
I was doing the homework。过去进行时。意思是我那时正在做作业,一般指一个人回忆过去时,回想起他当时正在做什么,强调的是当时正在进行。
I have done the homework, 现在完成时。过去的事情对于现在来说已经做完了。“我已经做完作业了”强调的是结果 表示对于现在来说,过去的事情已经做完了、如“I have gone to beijing "我已经去北京了 强调去北京这个结果 即对于现在来说,我已经完成了那个动作
第4个回答 2009-04-13
I did the homework
I was doing my homework
I have done my homework
-.-
第5个回答 2009-04-15
一般过去式(习惯性的发生在过去的动作): I did my studywork.
过去进行时(表示过去正在进行的动作):I was doing my studywork.
现在完成时(表示动作从过去到现在已经完成,强调对现在的影响)
I have been done my studywork.