句中看到since 就用现完？ 可是我记得老师说since 是个奇特的单词 前后时态不一致？ 这哪跟哪啊？？？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

★ 最常见的用法：
since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
1）He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
2）We have been missing them since they left here
自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。

★ 特殊之处：
若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
1）I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
2）John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher.
约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。

比较：
He has written to me frequently since I was ill.
自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）

你来翻译一下：
3）How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?
你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
4）It is half a month since he was a League member.
他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
5）It’s been quite some time since I was last in London.
我离开伦敦已很长时间了。

★ 若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
1）I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
2）Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。
自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
比较：
（1）Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.
自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.
自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
（2）He has never been to see me since I have been ill.
自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.
自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。

总结： since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。