用宾语 定语 从句中引导词有什么作用

如题所述

  一、宾语从句

  1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except

  that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

  例句:This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

  2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。

  例句:He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

  3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。

  例句:He didn't think that the money was well spent.

  二、定语从句

  定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。

  1)限制性定语从句

  限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of

  which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

  例句:The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by
people

  and organizations.

  (1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。

  例句:That is all that I've heard from him.

  (2)关系代词的省略

  在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。

  例句:This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

  (3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

  例句:Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories
are

  fully expressed through the drawings.

  2)非限制性定语从句

  非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

  例句“ Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like

  magnetism.

  (1)“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句

  “介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。

  例句:This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

  (2)as引导的定语从句

  as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the

  same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

  例句:These are not such problems as can be easily

  solved.(as代替先行词problems)
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第1个回答  2016-11-22
定语从句的关联词基本与三种名词性从句的关联词相同,除what只能引导名词性从句,即(主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句)合称为名词性从句之外。注意定语从句需位于被修饰的名或代词之后,如;I know the man who is standing there.宾语从句则直接承受主句的谓语行为,如,I know who is standing there.注意,这也是为什么主格who经常可以换用宾格whom的原因,但介词之后的whom不可换用who,因为介词有及物的动态理念!I know what you want.(宾语从句)比较;I know the thing that you want.(定语从句)

宾语从句,定语从句的引导词有什么区别?
定语从句的引导词在从句中都做成分,不管是that,wher,why,等而且必须有先行词
宾语从句中that引导的陈述句不做成分,没有实际意义。但where wha twhy 等都是特殊疑问词引导的,跟一般的疑问句一样,只是语序是陈述句。

定语从句中怎样确认引导词做宾语和主语
如果定语从句有主语 引导词就做宾语 如果定语从句无主语 引导词就做主语
例如 (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在从句中作主语)   
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which / that在从句中作宾语)
第2个回答  2016-08-05
1,定语从句的关联词基本与三种名词性从句的关联词相同,除what只能引导名词性从句,即(主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句)合称为名词性从句之外。
2,注意定语从句需位于被修饰的名或代词之后,如;I know the man who is standing there.宾语从句则直接承受主句的谓语行为,如,I know who is standing there.注意,这也是为什么主格who经常可以换用宾格whom的原因,但介词之后的whom不可换用who,因为介词有及物的动态理念!I know what you want.(宾语从句)比较;I know the thing that you want.(定语从句)
3,英语的学习不是一朝一夕的,是需要长时间的积累过程,单词,语法,听力,这些是最基本的,不过最主要的是口语的练习,多听多练是最有效的,最好是可以经常和外国人交流,进行语言的交换,文化的交流也是可以提升外语的。
第3个回答  2016-07-19
定语从句的关联词基本与三种名词性从句的关联词相同,除what只能引导名词性从句,即(主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句)合称为名词性从句之外。注意定语从句需位于被修饰的名或代词之后,如;I know the man who is standing there.宾语从句则直接承受主句的谓语行为,如,I know who is standing there.注意,这也是为什么主格who经常可以换用宾格whom的原因,但介词之后的whom不可换用who,因为介词有及物的动态理念!I know what you want.(宾语从句)比较;I know the thing that you want.(定语从句)
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