反义疑问句（附加疑问句）

Question

帮忙说一下变翻译疑问句的规则（全部规则）

顺便问一下 let’s 和 let us 的区别

let’s 后面用 shall we 那let呢 用 will you 还是 shall we？

Answer 1

一.规律
1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
一般：Be/Do ,does, did, have, has, had, would, shall（Shan’t） ,will

如果前面是I am….,后面就是aren’t I?
I am not… am I?

Eg: I am a girl, aren’t I?
I am not girl, am I?
二.当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing ,rarely, no 等否定词时=not
后面的反意疑问句用肯定的形式
eg : There are few apples in the basket, are there?

如遇到：impossible, dishonest , impolite…这一类表示否意的词，按照正常情况，因为他们不是否定词
He can’t ride a bike, can he ?
He can hardly swim, can he ?
They seldom come late, do they ？
I am never late for school, aren’t I？
Nothing is impossible, isn’t it ？
三，情态动词
1.陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用do。
Eg: I had to finish my homework, didn’t I?
2.陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t，如果表示“必要”则用needn’t。
Eg：You must finish your work, needn’t you?
3.陈述部分有needn’t时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。
Eg: He needn’t do it, need/must he?
要分清need是实意或者情态动词
need sth.
need to do
4.陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。
Eg: You mustn’t ride on the pavement, need/must you?
5.陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。
Eg: I wish I will pass the exam, may I?

① You can speak French,can’t you
?
② They can’t understand me, can they ?
③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she
?
④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they ?
You must go home now, needn’t you ? 四，较特殊的
1.注意：There be句型的一般将来时
① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?

① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there
?
② There aren’t any children in the room, are there
?
③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?
④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?

2.以Let‘s 开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we ；以Let us 开头的，则用 will you 。对于其它祈使句，如果陈述部分是肯定式，简略问句用will you 或 won’t you 都可以；如果陈述部分是否定式，简略问句则只能用will you 。
如：
Let's go home ，shall we ？
Let us go home ，will you ？

3.当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句都用will you
Eg: Please pass me a glass of water ，will you ？
Let’s go out for a walk, will you ？
Let us go our for a walk, will you ？
Turn on the radio,will you ？

Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。
EG: Let me go out, may I?

4.感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。
Eg: how beautiful it is, isn’t it?
五，复合句
当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。
Eg: I think chickens can swim, can’t they?
I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?
I didn't think he was happy, was he?

I don‘t think that he can answer this question,can he ？
I think she is a good student, isn’t she ?
I think she doesn’t like the book, does she ？
She thought he went to A, didn’t she?
She didn’t think he went to A ,did she?
She thought he didn’t go to A,didn’t she?
六，回答
反义疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。
They don’t work hard, do they?
Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。
No, they don’t. 对， 他们工作不努力。
-They don't work hard ，do they ？
他们工作不太努力，是吗？
-Yes ，they do ．
不，他们工作努力。
No ，they don't ．是的，他们工作不努力。
注意： 答语中不可出现：Yes ，they don't ．或No ，they do ．等类似的答语。

Answer 2

let's 后面用shall we.
let us 后面用will you

反意疑问句是英文中常见的一种句型，它提出情况或看法，询问对方同意与否，被广泛应用于英语口语。反意疑问句通常由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句的形式（statement），后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句(也叫tag question)。所附简短问句中的主语和谓语与陈述句的保持一致，而且两部分的时态要一致。反意疑问句有四种类型：（1）肯定陈述+否定简短问句；（2）否定陈述+肯定简短问句；（3）肯定陈述+肯定简短问句；（4）否定陈述+否定简短问句。其中，前两种运用最为广泛。除此之外，反意疑问句还有“祈使句+简短问句”的形式，这种用法通常用于减弱祈使语气。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 给我拿一下包，好吗？

反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意：

1．当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如:

Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they?

Nobody came, did they?

Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they?

Nothing can stop us now, can it?

2．当陈述句是表示存在的句子时，简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如:

There isn’t a book on the table, is there?

There’s something wrong, isn’t there?

There won’t be any trouble, will there?

3．如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定形式。例如：

He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?

The rules are invariable, aren’t they?

He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?

He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?

Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?

4．陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用aren’t I。例如:

I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I?

I am late, aren’t I ?

5．陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式文体中用you。例如:

One must be honest, mustn’t one?

6．含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：

They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they?

I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he?

注意：否定词移位的情况，如：

I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?

7．如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当 “拥有”讲时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：

You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you?

但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如：

He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?

He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?

如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如：

You often have headaches, don’t you?

8．当陈述句的动词是ought to时，英国英语中简短问句用ought，而美国英语中则用should。

9．陈述句中的动词是used to时，简短问句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:

The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they?

He didn’t use/used to tell lies, did he?

10.陈述句中动词为needn’t时，简短问句通常用 need。例如:

You needn’t do it if you don’t want to, need you?

You needn’t have told him the news, need you?

11.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。例如:

The food must be good, isn’t it?

You must have read the book last month, didn't you?

You must see the doctor, needn’t you?（must表必要性，故用needn’t）

You mustn’t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”）

12.当陈述部分是一祈使句时，简短问句则通常为 won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you, could you等，使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第

一人称时，如Let’s do something, 则简短问句为 shall we?例如:

Do sit down, won’t you?

Shut up, can you?

在否定的祈使句后， 只能用will you。例如:

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