第1个回答 2019-02-17
关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
(1)
关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分，
如主语、宾语、表语或定语。如:
This
is
the
man
who
saved
your
son.
这就是救了你儿子的那个人。(who在从句中作主语，先行词是man)
The
man
whom
I
met
yesterday
is
Jim.
我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆。(whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是man)
A
child
whose
parents
are
dead
is
an
orphan.
失去父母的孩子是孤儿。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是child)
He
wants
a
room
whose
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.
他想要个窗户面临大海的房间。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是room)
[1]
who，whom和whose
who和whom代表人，在从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，可省略。但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时，不能省略;如介词位于句末时，可以省略。whose代表某人的，在从句中作定语。如:
The
man
who
insists
upon
seeing
with
perfect
clearness
before
he
decides,
never
decides.
坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。(who作主语)
He
is
a
man
whom
everybody
respects.
他是一个人人都尊敬的人。(whom作宾语，可以省略)
He
is
a
man
fromwhom
we
all
should
learn.
他是我们大家都应该学习的人。
(whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前，不能省略)
(此句也可以是:He
is
a
man
(whom)
we
should
all
learn
from.)
The
people
whose
houses
were
damaged
will
be
compensated.
房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿。
Who,
whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表某人或某人的，此时不能用that。如:
My
sister,
who
is
a
nurse,
came
home
for
a
few
days.
我姐姐回家住了几天，她是个护士。
[2]
which
which代表物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略。如:
The
book
which
helps
you
most
are
those
which
make
you
think
most.
最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书。(作主语)
This
is
a
factor
which
we
must
not
neglect.
这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素。(作宾语，可省略)
Where
is
the
book
from
which
you
quoted
this
sentence?
你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿?(作介词宾语且介词位于其前时，不能省略)
which可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表物。如:
The
book,
which
I
bought
second-hand,
is
made
of
oak.
我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的，它是二手货。
[3]
that
that可以代表事也可代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但不能用于非限制性定语从句中。代表人时who比that用的多些，代表物时that比which用的多些。如:
The
letter
that
came
this
morning
is
from
my
mother.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的。(that代表物，在从句中作主语)
Those
students
that
failed
the
exam
will
have
to
take
it
again.
考试不及格的学生必须补考。(that代表人，在从句中作主语)
Have
you
forgotten
about
the
money
(that)
I
lent
you
last
week?
你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗?(that代表物，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
All
the
people
(that)
I
invited
have
agreed
to
come.
所有我邀请了的人都同意来。(that代表人，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
The
hotel
(that)
we
stayed
at
was
both
cheap
and
comfortable.
我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服。(that代表物，在从句中作介词宾语，可省略)
(2)
补充说明
下列情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用that，不能用which或who
[1]
当先行词中有形容词的最高级时。如:
Shakespeare
is
the
greatest
poet
that
English
has
ever
had.
莎士比亚是英国所拥有的最伟大的诗人。
Is
this
the
best
that
you
can
do?
你最多只能做到这样吗?
[2]
当先行词为代词all,
anything,
everything,
little,
much,
nobody,
nothing时。如:
Anyone
that
wants
to
succeed
must
work
hard.
任何想要获得成功的人必须努力工作。
[3]
当先行词中有含有any,
every,
no,
only,
the
first,
the
last,
the
same时。如:
You
are
the
only
person
that
can
help
me.
你是唯一能帮助我的人。
Take
the
first
chance
that
offers.
抓住出现的第一个机会。
(3)
没有先行词的关系代词
如果关系代词引导的从句不是作定语修饰先行词而是充当句子成分，这种关系代词就没有先行词，它只起连接作用。这种关系代词有:what,
whatever,
whoever,
whichever,
wherever等。如:
What
woke
me
up
was
a
splashing
noise.
把我吵醒的是一阵溅水的声音。(what从句作主语)
I
don't
know
what
good
they
could
have
done.
我不知道他们能起什么好作用。(what从句作宾语)
Whoever
breaks
the
law
is
punished
in
the
end.
违法者终将被惩罚。(whoever引导的从句作主语)