as在定语从句的用法

如题所述

as
引导定语从句的用法

as
引导非限制性定语从句,
可放在主句之前,
或者主句之后,
甚至可以切割一个主句;
which
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,
as
有“正如„„,正像„„”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

================================
As
的用法例

1. the same


as

such

as
中的
as
是一种固定结构
,
和„„一样„„。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).


2. as
可引导非限制性从句,常带有
'
正如
'


As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As
是关系代词。例
1
中的
as

know
的宾语;


2
中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词
know
要用被动式。

一、

as / which


特殊定语从句的先行成分

1.
形容词或形容词短语作先行成分
,
具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,
如:

My grandmother’s house was a
lways of great importance to me, as my own is.

在一定的语言环境里,
有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。
这些名词主要是那些表示人的身
份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句
的关系代词不能用
who / whom.

2.
动词短语先行成分。

这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。
如果是动态动词短语,
它们在从句中就
一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词
do

as / which
一起代替。
do
可以出现,也可以不出
现,但不能用其它动词代替。

3.
句子作先行成分。

这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。
有时是连续几个句子,
有时甚至可
以是一个完整的故事。

二、

as/which
”特殊定语从句在句中的位置

由于先行成分的构成成分不同,

as/which
”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:

1.
形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,

as / which
”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。

2.
动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,

as / which
”特殊定语从句置于先行
成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,

as
”特殊定语从句可以移至
句子之首。

3.
句子作先行成分时:

as
”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中
或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,

as
”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成
分是否定句,

as
”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于

as
”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,

which
”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

三、

as/which
”特殊定语从句的语义功能

一般说来,
as

which
的语义功能相同,
可以相互替换。
但先行成分为句子时,
它们的语
义功能则有差异。

1.
表示结果

表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,
从句中往往使用有结
果意义的词,如动词
result,
make,
enable,
cause
和形容词
interesting,
surprising,
delightful,
disgraceful
等。

2.
表示评注

表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,
它通常与那些表
示客观事实,
普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;
从句中则常用一些表示
“合乎自然规律”

“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如
natural, known to all, usual
等。

3.
有无状语意义


as
”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义)
,而“
which
”特殊定语从句则
无状语意义。

as

特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,

which
”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。

四、关系代词
as

which
的句法功能

1. as / which
在特殊定语从句中作主语。

as
作主语时,
谓语动词常为连系动词
(主要是
be, seem


主语补语为
usual


a rule


a matter
of
fact
等时,系动词
be
习惯经常省略。行为动词作“
as
”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于
被动语态
(其中助动词
be
常略)

不及物的行为动词在

as

特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,
常见的有
happen
一词。如:

Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.

Which
作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词
be
省略。

2. as

which
都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。

3. as


which
在特殊定语从句中作补语。如:

We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.


as
”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,

which
”从句中则不能主谓倒装。

如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用
which
而不用
as
。如:

He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.

4. which
在特殊从定语句中作定语。

which
可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰
fact, matter, thing
等名词。这些名词代表先行
成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。
as
不能作定语。如:

I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.

第一、

在限制性定语从句中的区别:

as
的用法:其通常和
such\ the same
连用,代指物在从句中做主语或宾语

This is the same pen as I bought yesterday


这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)
。引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾
语,因先行词被
the same
所修饰所以用
as
引导

注意:上句与下句的区别

This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
这就是昨天我使用的那一
支钢笔(指的是同一个)


I studied in the same school as she did in Beijing.

我和他在北京的同一所学校就读。

引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语,因先行词被
the same
所修饰所以用
as
引导

I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

我想要一本和他的一样的字典。

引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语,因先行词被
such
所修饰所以用
as
引导

which
的用法:

关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时通常可以省略(直接做介词
的宾语时除外,不能省。


The radio which he bought yesterday doesn't work now.

他昨天买的收音机现在坏了。

引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做宾语,代指物,故用
which.

Can you lend me the book which was written by Lun Xun..

你能借我那本由鲁迅所写的书吗?

引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语,代指物,故用
which.

This is the park which is the most beautiful one in our city.

这是我们这个城市最漂亮的公园。

引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语,代指物,故用
which.

This is the map by which we can get to the forest.

这是张地图,借助它我们能到达那个森林。

引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语,代指物,故用
which.

第二、

在非限制性定语从句中的区别:

as
的用法:①在从句中通常做主语代指整个主句,②表示的意思是正如正象③其引导的定
语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。

The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.

太平洋是最大的洋,这一点我们都知道(正如我们所知到的,太平洋是最大的洋)


引导非限制性定语从句的
as
在从句中做
know
的宾语,其代指整个主句。

As we expect, we won the game.

我们赢了,这一点在我们预料之中。
(正如我们预料的一样,我们赢了)


引导非限制性定语从句的
as
在从句中做主语,其代指整个主句。从句在主句的前面

The earth is round, as we all know.

地球是圆的,这一点我们都知道。
(正如我们所知到的一样地球是圆的)

引导非限制性定语从句的
as
在从句中做
know
的宾语,其代指整个主句。

As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.

众所周知,
他是我们班上最好的学生。
(正如我们所知到的一样,
他是我们班上最好的学生。

引导非限制性定语从句的
as
在从句中做主语,其代指整个主句。

which
的用法:①关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,代指人或物。②当代指整个主句时表
示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在
主句之后。

Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad.

Tom
突然病倒,这使得我们很伤心。

Which
引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,
其代指整个主句,
主从句的关系是因果关
系,因为他的病,所以我们伤心。

The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.

路太滑了,以至于引起了很多事故。

Which
引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,
其代指整个主句,
主从句的关系是因果关
系,因为路滑,所以出事。

He was angry, which made him cry
.

他太生气了以至于他哭了起来。

Which
引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语,
其代指整个主句,
主从句的关系是因果关
系,因为生气,所以哭。
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第1个回答  2015-10-21
引导状语从句的连词as可以用作关系代词,引导定语从句,因而被称作准关系代词。

1. 准关系代词as引导限制定语从句,用于以下3个结构中,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语:
a. so / such…as
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语)
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.
b. the same…as
Modern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作宾语)
I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)
c. as…as
As many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主语)
He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主语)
补充:
a. such…as 与 such…that的区别
such…as 引导定语从句;such…that引导结果状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.
他们用十分简单的英语交谈,连孩子们都能听懂。
I will provide you with such things as you may need.
我要供给你一些你可以用得着的东西。
He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.
他如此用力地关门,结果玻璃碎了。
b. the same…as与the same…that的区别:
the same…as指两物相似,the same..描述的是同一物。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢失的(书包)相似。(相似物)
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一物)

2. 准关系代词as引导非限制定语从句。
a. as引导非限制性定语从句,只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词),可以放在主句前,后或中间,在从句中作主语或宾语、例如:
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子,作主语,置于句首)
He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子,作主语,置于句末)
As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整个句子,作宾语,置于句首)
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整个句子,作宾语,置于句中)
常用的这类句式有:
as is said above 综上所述 - as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此 - as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报导的
b. 主句具有否定意义,as引导的定语从句位于主句之后时,as指代得主句不包括否定意义,并可用but取代。例如:
Whales are now fish, as some people think / but some people think they are.
I am no orator, as Brutus is.我不善言词,而勃鲁特斯却是个雄辩家.
Spiders are notinsects,as many people think, nor even near1y related to them.
蜘蛛不是昆虫,尽管许多人认为它是昆虫,它甚至与昆虫几乎没有关系.
但as引导的定语从句谓语主句前时,as指代的主句仍包括否定意义。
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
正如前面所说的,语法不是一套死条纹。

3. 在非限制性定语从句中,which和as引导定语从句时的区别:
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前,而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。
b. 用能做关系代词,as和which都可以指代一个句子,但as有“正如”、“就像”之意,which则没有此含义。
He is a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (as指代一个句子,意为“正如”、“就像”)
He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which指代一个句子,没有“正如”、“就像”)
c. 当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem, become等时,可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时,只能用which作主语。

4. as 可用作连词,引导状语从句,构成省略形式“as + 过去分词”这一特殊结构,译成汉语时作用如定语。例如:
The bridge as shown in the picture is really wonderful. (as shown = as it is shown 可译为“图中的桥”)
See the answers as given at the end of this book. (as given = as it is shown 可译为“书后给出的答案”)
English as spoken is Australia is slightly different from British English.
(as spoken = as it is spoken 可译为“在澳大利亚讲得英语”)
第2个回答  2020-02-18

定语从句特殊关系词as的用法

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