In our proposed terminal, the SoC-based smart card terminal should be able to accept
both synchronous and asynchronous cards. These cards are interfaced to a standard
Personal Computer (PC) via parallel and serial ports, respectively. The terminal should
be designed in order to support both 3V and 5V cards and to provide a bi-directional data
line to the card. Many researchers have designed and developed the currently existing
smart card system consisting of smart cards, a card terminal, and a computer system to
control card application functions [Lim+93].
However, the motivation for this study focused on reducing the total cost of the
system implementation by directly encompassing the smart card terminal to a PC and
integrating all analog and digital hardware components into one single SoC to integrate
all components and circuits. However, another essential module of the SoC-based smart
card terminal should be the software driver that controls the communication protocol
with the smart card, which is dictated by ISO/IEC 7816-3.