如何用英文简单地介绍关羽的形象以及地位

Question

简简单单的..例如他的经典形象..一手摸胡须.一手拿青龙堰月刀..以及他在国人或者国外的地位..
不过希望各位达人指点指点..主要是重点地介绍，让外国人明白..谢谢了``

Answer 1

《三国演义》一书中作者罗贯中着力将关羽这个人物形象刻画成继温侯吕布后的三国武艺第一人.斩华雄（孙坚杀的）、诛文丑（曹操杀的）等战绩都罩在关羽这个人物形象上。且描写极为生动，“温酒斩华雄”等故事流传千古。此种形象，颇有“武圣”之风。
但是，很多人对演义中的关羽提出疑问。首先，关羽温酒斩华雄，华雄到底是个什么人物？在历史上，无疑是董卓的大将。问题是，在三国演义中，华雄算不上个人物。虽然在关羽斩华雄之前对华雄将军大肆描写，如败孙坚、斩二将等，但仍不能突出华雄有多厉害。因为这三个人都不是现今人们眼中像张辽、甘宁一样的英雄人物形象，大家对于这三个人物了解甚少。而且，历史上又是孙坚杀的华雄，所以在人们心目中就很难形成华雄打败大将的战例，也就难以树立华雄在人们心目中的大将形象，哪怕是艺术形象都很难。
但罗贯中的本意当然是旨在塑造关羽这位英雄形象。在这里他用了“温酒斩华雄”这个故事，就充分地体现了关羽的能力，在当时达到了作者想要的艺术效果。只是在现在，效果并不是很好。原因放在后面说。
在关羽斩颜良文丑的时候，也描写得给后人留下疑问。
在关羽斩文丑前，文丑的好兄弟颜良被关羽所杀，文丑大怒道要为兄弟
报仇。但打起来时，却心中祛懦，打了三个回合就拔腿跑了。首先这是一个矛盾，其次关羽凭借赤兔良马，背后赶上一刀斩下，有人说这并不能显示关羽比文丑的武力高，这只能算关羽偷袭。
首先，文丑是袁绍手下顶尖大将，又报仇之心急切，再加上战关羽之前射伤张辽、打败徐晃的描写，已经非常突出地显示文丑的能力了。然后又写到文丑和关羽战三回合，“心中祛懦",意思是文丑意识到自己不如关羽.因为前面颜良败给关羽已经在文丑心中形成阴影,所以自己也没多大把握,这时一试,发现关羽刀法非常厉害,所以自认为打不过,就跑了.然后被关羽一刀干掉.这是罗在描写关羽要强于文丑,但又不愿过分拉大二人的差距,所以就写了这么一出.因为前面写了文丑射伤张辽,而关羽又曾经在徐州战吕布时对张飞说过张辽"武功不在我二人之下"的话,所以如果关二爷比文丑强很多的话,那就和前面矛盾了.
斩颜良这一段有历史记载.还是先说演义.很多朋友又说关羽这里是偷袭,或说是赤兔马的功劳，不是关羽的功劳.颜良正要关羽报上姓名，结果却被关羽一刀杀了，这又是描写的什么？先描写了颜良二十合败徐晃，又说关羽一刀将颜良砍了，那如此类推，难道关羽就可以一刀砍死像徐晃这样的大将？当然不是。
毕竟不能生硬地描写道“关羽冲下去，与大将颜良大战多少回合，斩其首而还”，另一方面，也不能过分拉大二人的差距。
首先，还是给描写关羽的神勇做铺垫，宋宪、魏续两位曾经吕布麾下的勇将，二人被颜良秒杀；既而二十合败徐晃，“诸将栗然”。然后，直接描写关羽，“关公奋然上马，倒提青龙刀，跑下山来，凤目圆睁，蚕眉直竖，直冲彼阵。河北军如波开浪裂，关公径奔颜良。”这一段描写得极为生动，尤其是“河北军如波开浪裂”，场面气势恢弘。但，又有一个问题，“波开浪裂”到底是袁绍军自己让路呢？还是关羽冲阵杀开的呢？
作为历史，显然是自己让的。两军交战，先是武将单挑，之前还要报姓名。作为历史小说，若没有明确说明，则要符合历史。这里仍没有直接写关羽的神武，但是描写到了关羽的勇气胆识，也就侧面描写了关羽的能力。孤身一人冲进百万雄师中，毫不犹豫，这是和等的大气，哪里让人想到“偷袭”二字！只是今人读古文不够熟练罢了。所以，我认为罗贯中的本意应该是：颜良想让停一下（这是规矩），可这话还没说出口，而关羽速度相当快（包括刀法），颜良还来不及抵挡，就被斩杀。就是，在颜良没做好充分准备（或说未尽全力）时，他是打不过关羽的。那么作好准备了呢？没人知道了。
值得注意的是，三国志中记载的关羽斩颜良并没有说是一刀解决问题，只是描写到“策马刺良于万众之中，斩其首还，绍诸将莫能当者”。
这里有几个问题。
第一，刺良，用的是“刺”字（《三国志 》）。“刺”是枪、戟一类武器的攻击方法，那关羽怎么用“刺”字？当然，刺可以理解为刺杀、击杀。我看过一些资料和评论，说大刀这种兵器是宋朝才有的，当时流行的是长枪、长戈、战戟，再就是短刀和剑了。所以关羽当时应该是拿这些武器，而非现在所说的“青龙偃月刀”，这就又是一个问题了。
第二，斩其首还，用的“斩”字（《三国志 》），说明还是带了刀的。既然这里是用了“斩”，那么前面的“刺’字也应该是细节描写，前后照应，更证明关羽历史上拿的枪、戟之类的武器。
第三，颜良是袁绍手下的猛将，颜良都被关羽打败了，诸将就“莫能当”了。如果“当”一字理解为阻拦，那么“诸将莫能当者”就是说袁绍的将领们都去拦关羽，结果都没拦住，这也充分体现了关羽非凡的勇武。
第四，就是区别演义的“秒杀”和现在很多人所说的“偷袭”。
综合一下，无论是关羽温酒斩华雄，还是斩颜良、诛文丑，都是罗贯中为了塑造艺术形象而描写的，其目的都是突出关羽的勇武，而本意绝非是偷袭。为什么会有这种误解呢？我认为，古代的读书人熟读文言文，这部小说为半文言文、半白话文形式，对于当时的人们来说是非常好懂的。关羽历来是忠义的象征，而且从宋朝起，人们将关羽当作神来膜拜，在人们心目中的地位相当崇高，所以罗贯中这样描写当时人们是不可能理解为“偷袭”的。

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong book will focus on the characters describe Guan Yu Cheng Ji Swinhoe Lvbu after the first three skills. Huaxiong chopped (Sun Jian killing), Zhu Wen Chou (the killing Cao Cao), all record Guan Yu in the hood on the images. And extremely vivid description, "Wen liquor chopped Huaxiong" the story spread through the ages. This image, quite "Wu Sheng," the wind.
However, many people in the Kingdoms of Guan Yu questioned. First of all, Guan Yu Wen liquor chopped Huaxiong, Huaxiong in the end is what people » In history, is the general Dong Zhuo. The question is, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huaxiong were not really personal. Although the chopped Huaxiong Guan Yu Hua Xiong before the General wantonly description, such as the defeat Sun Jian, the two will be chopped, but not outstanding Huaxiong more formidable. Because the three individuals today are not the eyes of people like Zhang Liao, Gansu, Ningxia, like the hero image, for all the three characters poorly understood. Moreover, history is the scrapping of the Sun Jian Hua Xiong, in the minds of the people it will be difficult to form Huaxiong defeated generals of the examples, it difficult to establish Huaxiong people in the eyes of the general image, even the artistic image of it is very difficult .
Luo Guanzhong of course, but the intention is to shape the heroic image of Guan Yu. Here he used the term "wine-chopped Huaxiong" This story, fully embodies the capacity of Guan Yu, at the time the author wanted to achieve the artistic effect. Only now, the effect is not very good. On the reasons behind that.
Guan Yu chopped Yanliangwenchou in time, also described in leaving future generations to doubt.
Guan Yu chopped in Wenchou ago, the good brother Yan Liang Wen Chou was killed by Guan Yu, Wenchoudanu Road for brothers
Revenge. But fight again, but the hearts of Nuo cured, played three rounds on Batui ran. First of all this is a contradiction, followed by virtue of Guan Yu-Chi Ma rabbit behind to catch up with Yidaozhanxia, some people say that this does not show that Guan Yu Wen Chou than the use of force, this attack can only be Guan Yu.
First of all, Wen Chou Yuan Shao is his top generals, revenge heart of urgency, coupled with the war wounded before Guan Yu Zhang Liao, defeat Xu Huang's description, has been very prominently displayed the ability of the Wenchou. And then wrote and Guan Yu Wen Chou war three rounds, "cured the hearts of Nuo", meaning that as Guan Yu Wen Chou aware of their own. Yanliang lost because in front of Guan Yu Wen Chou has been in the minds of a shadow, itself not much grasp, Then a try and found that Guan Yu Daofa very powerful, since that fight, however, run the. And then get rid of Guan Yu Yi Dao, which is described in Luo Guan Yu stronger than Wenchou, but they do not want to over-widening The gap, so on to write such a one. Wenchou since written a shot in front of Zhang Liao, Guan Yu and once in Xuzhou during the war Lvbu Zhangliao Zhang said, "I am not the two powers under", Therefore, if the Commissioner of Erye stronger than many of the Wenchou, and then in front of the contradictions.
Tsam Yan Liang This is a period of historical records. Kingdoms or go first. Guan Yu also said that many of my friends here is attack, or that the red rabbit-credit, the credit is not Guan Yu. Yan Liang Guan Yu was going on the name, but the results Guan Yu Yi Dao was killed, this is the description of what » First description of the 20 defeated Xu Huang Yan Liang, said Guan Yu Yan Liang Yi Dao will be cut, and so on, are Guan Yu can be hacked to death like Xu Huang Yi Dao such generals » Of course not.
After all, not stiff describes, "Guan Yu-go, and the number of generals Yanliang Round of World War II, and also cut its first", on the other hand, can not be too much of the widening gap between the two.
First of all, or to describe the Shen Yong Guan Yu Zuopu Dian, SONG Xian, Wei added two have Lvbu unit of Yongjiang, They were Yanliangmiaosha; Jier lost 20 of Xu Huang, "Zhu Jiang Li Ran." Then, directly about Guan Yu, "Kuan Kung Fen-ran launched, inverted to Qinglong Dao, ran down the mountain, Fengmuyuanzheng, silkworm eyebrows Zhishu, He billowed into the RUF. Hebei Army as a wave-splitting, Kuan Kung Jingben Yan Liang. "Described in this paragraph is extremely vivid, especially the" Hebei-such as the military cracked open wave ", the scene momentum qualities. However, another problem, "wave-wave split open" in the end to make way it is the Yuan Shaojun own » Guan Yu Chong RUF kill or open it »
As history, is obviously of its own so. The warring armies, first武将singled, even before the reported name. As a historical novel, if not clearly state that history will have to meet. Here are still not directly write the Guan Yu Jinmu, but to describe the courage of courage Guan Yu, also described a side of the capacity of Guan Yu. Into Baiwanxiongshi alone, without hesitation, and this is such as the atmosphere, where people think of "surprise attack" in! Ancient modern people only read just not enough skilled. So, I think Luo Guanzhong's intention should be: Yan Liang want to stop (this is the rules), can not say this, exports, and Guan Yu at a fairly rapid pace (including Daofa), Yan Liang also could not resist, it was Zhansha. That is, in Yan Liang did not make full preparations (or that lack of diligence), he is playing the Guan Yu, however. So it has to prepare » No one knows.
It is worth noting that the Three Kingdoms recorded in the chopped Yan Liang and Guan Yu did not say is Yidao solve the problem, only to describe "strategy in the long-San Antonio, also cut its first, the Zhujiang Nesho monensin when those."
Here are a few questions.
First, the thorn-liang, using a "thorn" word ( "Three Kingdoms"). "Thorn" is the gun, Ji a class of weapons of attack methods, Guan Yu how the "thorn" word » Of course, the thorn can be understood as the assassination, Jisha. I have read some of the information and comments that such weapons are knives have the Sung Dynasty, when the guns are popular, Zhang Ge, Ji war, and Then there Duandao Jian has. So Guan Yu at that time should be with these weapons, instead of talking about "Tsing Lung Yan Yuedao", which is also a problem.
Second, also cut its first use of "chopped" word ( "Three Kingdoms"), or with a description of the knife. Since this is a "chopped", then in front of the "thorn 'words should also be about the details, before and after the Reference, that the history of Guan Yu with the gun, Ji such weapons.
Third, under Yuan Shao Yan Liang is the Mengjiang, Yan Liang Guan Yu was defeated, Zhujiang "monensin when." If the "when" the word understood to stop, then "Zhujiang monensin when" that is to say, Yuan Shao's generals have to stop Guan Yu, results not stopped, this also fully embodies the extraordinary Guan Yu Yong Wu.
Fourth, is the difference between the Kingdoms "Miaosha" and many people said the "surprise attack."
Comprehensive click, whether Guan Yu Wen Hua Xiong liquor chopped, or chop Yan Liang, Zhu Wen Chou, Luo Guanzhong are to shape the image and description of art, its purpose is the highlight Guan Yu Yong Wu, and is not intended attack. Why is there such a misunderstanding? » I think that the study of ancient people familiarize classical Chinese, the novel as semi-classical Chinese, half-vernacular forms, then people are very good understand. Guan Yu has always been a symbol of loyalty, but also from the Song dynasty, the people of God to be worshipped as Guan Yu, in the eyes of the people rather lofty status, Luo Guanzhong this is not possible when people describe as "surprise attack".

Answer 2

The historical Guan Yu

Early life
Guan Yu was born in the county of Xie (解, a subdistrict of present day Yuncheng, Shanxi). The year of his birth is not found in historical records, but according to a 1680 stele in a temple worshipping Guan Yu in his hometown, as well as a biography of Guan Yu written in 1756, Guan Yu's birth year is estimated to be 160.

Guan Yu fled his hometown at the age of twenty-three after slaying a local bully named Lü Xiong (吕熊). Five years later, he arrived in Zhuo Commandery (涿郡, present day Zhuozhou, Hebei), where Liu Bei was recruiting a force to heed the government's call to resist the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Together with Zhang Fei, Guan Yu joined Liu Bei and fought against the rebel forces in northern China. For his efforts Liu Bei was appointed governor of Pingyuan County (平原). Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were also made commanders and given their own divisions of troops. According to the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, the three men slept on the same bed and treated one another like brothers. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei also followed Liu Bei wherever he went, and protected him from danger however perilous the situation

In 199 Liu Bei assassinated the governor of Xuzhou (徐州) appointed by the rising warlord Cao Cao and placed Guan Yu in control of the regional capital Xiapi, while he returned to Xiaopei (小沛). Cao Cao soon retaliated, personally leading a campaign east to reclaim Xuzhou. Liu Bei fled to seek refuge under Yuan Shao, a powerful warlord further north, but Xiapi was captured and Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao treated Guan Yu with respect and even made him a deputy general.

Short service under Cao Cao
In 200, Yuan Shao mustered an army boasting 100,000 in strength and marched on Xuchang, the new capital and base city of Cao Cao. To ensure a safe crossing of the Yellow River, Yuan Shao sent his trusted general Yan Liang to attack Baima (白马, northeast of present day Huaxian, Henan) as a diversionary tactic. In a counter-tactic, Cao Cao moved his main force westwards along the Yellow River, diverting Yuan Shao's army in the same direction, but sent Guan Yu and Zhang Liao east to relieve the attack on Baima. Upon reaching Baima, Guan Yu saw from afar the standard on Yan Liang's chariot and urged his mount towards the latter. He speared Yan Liang amid the enemy troops, and brought back his severed head. Thus Yuan Shao lost an important lieutenant and the siege of Baima was unravelled. Guan Yu was then enfeoffed as Marquis1 of Hanshou (汉夀亭侯).

After doing Cao Cao this favor, Guan Yu declined further gifts from the former. Leaving behind a letter, he left for his former lord, who was still in the camp of Yuan Shao. When some of his subordinates wanted to pursue Guan Yu, Cao Cao stopped them, saying, "To each his own."

Capture of Jingzhou
After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao at the decisive Battle of Guandu, Liu Bei went south to seek shelter under Jingzhou (荆州) governor Liu Biao, who soon died of sickness. Cao Cao took the opportunity to expand his control south and seized a great part of Jingzhou north of the Yangtze River, but Liu Bei escaped south and formed a coalition with Sun Quan, a powerful warlord controlling most of southeastern China. The coalition defeated Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs and Jingzhou was reclaimed. Guan Yu was promoted to General Who Purges Rebels (荡寇将军) and made governor of Xiangyang (but he was stationed in Jiangling), in charge of the defense of northern Jingzhou.

In 213, Liu Bei left for Yizhou (present day Sichuan) and took over the region two years later, staying there ever since. In 219, Liu Bei proclaimed himself King of Hanzhong (汉中王) and promoted Guan Yu to General of the Front (前将军), ranked first among the top five generals under his service (popularly known as the Five Tiger Generals, among whom were Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong).

Downfall
In the same year Guan Yu attacked Fancheng (樊城, present day Xiangfan, Hubei), a city near Xiangyang which was defended by Cao Ren, a trusted general and cousin of Cao Cao. A long spell of rainfall as autumn came around flooded the Han River next to the city, which greatly aided Guan Yu. The flood drowned the majority of the relief troops Cao Cao sent, while their commanders, Yu Jin and Pang De, were both captured by Guan Yu. However, a further relief force under Xu Huang successfully repelled the invaders. When Guan Yu returned to Jiangling, he found that traitors Mi Fang (麋芳) and Shi Ren (士仁) had surrendered the city to Sun Quan, with whom Liu Bei's relations had soured.

With many of his troops deserted, Guan Yu attempted to retreat west to reunite with Liu Bei. However, he was encircled by Sun Quan's forces west of Maicheng (麦城, southeast of present day Dangyang, Hubei) and captured along with his son Guan Ping. Both were executed. Sun Quan sent Guan Yu's head to Cao Cao (in an attempt to lay blame on Cao Cao), who buried the body with the honors befitting a marquis. Guan Yu was given the posthumous title of Marquis Zhuangmou (壮缪侯).

In 223, Liu Bei attempted a campaign to recapture Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, which culminated in his decisive defeat at the Battle of Yiling. Guan Yu's son Guan Xing and grandson Guan Tong both served as military commanders in the Kingdom of Shu. According to the Record of Shu (蜀记) by Wang Yin (王隐), after the Kingdom of Wei conquered Shu in 263, Guan Yu's entire household was massacred by Pang Hui, son of Pang De who was executed by Guan Yu at the Battle of Fancheng.

Note
1 The title of marquis was divided into three grades during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period. These are, in ascending order of prestige, tinghou (亭侯), xianghou (乡侯) and xianhou (县侯). Guan Yu's was the first.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a historical novel based on the events that occurred before and during the Three Kingdoms period. Written by Luo Guanzhong more than a millenium after the Three Kingdoms period, the novel incorporates many popular folklore and opera scripts into the character of Guan Yu, making him one of the most altered and aggrandized in the book. Significant incidents that deviate from true history include:

Brotherhood sworn in the garden of peach blossoms
One of the most well-known story from the novel, found in the first chapter, it speaks of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei who, having met by chance in the county of Zhuo in 188, found that all three shared the same desire to serve the country in the tumultuous times. They swore to be brothers the next day in Zhang Fei's backyard, which was a garden full of peach blossoms. Liu Bei was ranked the eldest, Guan Yu the second, and Zhang Fei the youngest. Having done this, they recruited more than 300 local men and joined the resistance against Yellow Turban rebels.

In true history, the three did not swear brotherhood. The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms says the three often shared a bed, and treated one another as brothers. Guan Yu was also a year older than Liu Bei, not younger.

The peach blossom oath inspired the present day secret societies in Chinese communities, such as the Triad, to use a similar ritual when swearing in new members. "Though not born on the same day of the same month in the same year, we hope to die so" 钬?the phrase the three borthers made during the oath 钬?had also become popular among the present day secret society members.

Slaying Hua Xiong
In Chapter 5, warlords around the country formed a coalition against Dong Zhuo, the tyrannical warlord and minister who held the puppet Emperor Xian hostage in the capital Luoyang. Guan Yu and his sworn brothers were then serving in the camp of Gongsun Zan, a warlord from northern China who was also in the coalition.

Dong Zhuo placed Hua Xiong at the Sishui Pass to ward off the attack. Having singlehandedly slain four generals of the coalition – Bao Zhong (鲍忠), Zu Mao (祖茂), Yu She (俞涉) and Pan Feng (潘凤) – Hua Xiong seemed indomitable. Despite mistrust from many leaders of the coalition, Guan Yu, who was a mere horsed archer then, volunteered to duel Hua Xiong. Cao Cao, one of the eighteen coalition leaders, poured Guan Yu a cup of hot wine but the latter declined, claiming he would soon return. Within moments Guan Yu truly reappeared with Hua Xiong's head in hand, while the wine was still warm!

In true history Hua Xiong was executed after his force was defeated by Sun Jian at Yangren (阳人).

Surrender to Cao Cao
In Chapter 25, Cao Cao attacked Liu Bei's position in Xuzhou (徐州). The defeated Liu Bei escaped to seek refuge in the camp of Yuan Shao, a powerful warlord in the north. Guan Yu, along with two wives of Liu Bei, was besieged in the city of Xiapi. Taunting outside the city walls, Cao Cao's general Xiahou Dun managed to draw Guan Yu out. As he pursued his enemy far from the city gate, Guan Yu found his retreat cut off by the invading troops. He then made a stand on top of a nearby knoll, but the city was already taken
Zhang Liao, another general under Cao Cao who was an old friend of Guan Yu, then came unarmed up the knoll. He tried to persuade Guan Yu to surrender using reason. Guan Yu agreed, but with three conditions: that the surrender was to the Han emperor and not Cao Cao; that the two wives of Liu Bei were to be suitably provided for and protected; and that all three would leave to seek Liu Bei once they found out his whereabouts. These conditions were agreed to and Guan Yu finally surrendered without breaking the code of loyalty. Cao Cao was very pleased and showered Guan Yu with many gifts, including Red Hare, a top-grade steed previously owned by the warrior Lü Bu.

According to the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, both Guan Yu and family members of Liu Bei were captured after Xiapi was fallen, though it was not stated in any known historical records that Guan Yu made the three conditions of surrender. The gift of Red Hare was probably also fabricated later.

Slaying Yan Liang
Also in Chapter 25, Cao Cao confronted Yuan Shao on the shores of the Yellow River. To ensure a safe crossing south, Yuan Shao sent a diversionary force east under his trusted general Yan Liang to attack Baima (白马, northeast of present day Huaxian, Henan). Cao Cao drew a 50,000-strong army and came personally to defend Baima. As the two armies made their stands across the plain, Cao Cao sent out Song Xian and Wei Xu to duel with Yan Liang, but both were slew within bouts. As suggested by advisor Cheng Yu (程昱), Cao Cao then sent for Guan Yu.

The next day, as Yan Liang's army lined up on the battlefield, Guan Yu sat with Cao Cao on a hillock and looked down. From afar he saw Yan Liang sitting on a chariot under the army standard. Leaping onto the Red Hare, Guan Yu galloped straight into the enemy ranks, which broke before him like waves before a swift vessel. Before Yan Liang could react, he was struck down by his nemesis. Guan Yu severed Yan Liang's head, tied it to the neck of his steed and rode back unhindered.

In true history Cao Cao did not participate personally in the Battle of Baima but rather led his main force westwards along the Yellow River to draw Yuan Shao in the same direction. Guan Yu and Zhang Liao were then sent to defend Baima against Yan Liang's division.

Slaying Wen Chou
In Chapter 26, following the death of Yan Liang in Guan Yu's hands, Wen Chou, another trusted general of Yuan Shao, volunteered to avenge his close friend. Leading 100,000 troops, Wen Chou crossed the Yellow River and came for Cao Cao's camp. In an unusual move, Cao Cao turned his entire formation around, placing the supplies in front. While Wen Chou's soldiers made an easy task robbing the supplies, Cao Cao directed his men south onto a knoll, from where they allowed their horses to graze. Wen Chou's soldiers pounced upon the horses as they approached the knoll and became disorganized. Cao Cao then gave the order for a counterattack, forcing the enemies to retreat.

Zhang Liao and Xu Huang immediately gave chase. Wen Chou fired two arrows from atop his horse, one of which cut off the feather on Zhang Liao's helmet and the other hit Zhang Liao's horse in the face. With his poleaxe, Xu Huang came for Wen Chou but had to retreat when a band of enemy soldiers came to their commander's rescue. Leading a dozen riders, Guan Yu cut off Wen Chou's escape and engaged in a duel with the enemy. Within three bouts, Wen Chou withdrew and attempted to evade. However, Guan Yu's Red Hare was of a superior breed and soon caught up. Guan Yu then slew Wen Chou from behind.

It was not stated in historical records whether Wen Chou was killed by Guan Yu in battle, only that Wen Chou's force was defeated and himself was killed.

Crossing five passes and slaying six warriors
Another of the most popular stories surrounding Guan Yu, this tale speaks of the loyal man's hazardous journey to reunite with his lord and sworn brother Liu Bei, who was residing in Yuan Shao's camp. The five passes mentioned in fact only consist of two bona fide passes 钬?Dongling and Sishui 钬?while the rest were two cities and a guarded ferry point.

The story began late in Chapter 26 where, having found out the whereabouts of Liu Bei some time after the slaying of Wen Chou, Guan Yu prepared to leave Xuchang along with Liu Bei's two wives. Unable to keep the determined general, Cao Cao forbade his subjects from pursuing Guan Yu.

Riding beside the horse carriage carrying his sisters-in-law, Guan Yu set off for Luoyang. However, he was stopped at Dongling Pass (东岭关, south of present day Dengfeng, Henan) by the pass defender Kong Xiu (孔秀), who refused passage for the former without a document from Cao Cao. Guan Yu had no choice but to slay Kong Xiu in a duel and force through the pass.

Having crossed the first pass, Guan Yu arrived outside Luoyang. The city governor Han Fu (韩福) drew a thousand troops and blocked the city gate. Han Fu's aide Meng Tan (孟坦) came forward to duel Guan Yu. Within bouts, Meng Tan retreated in an attempt to draw Guan Yu into a trap, but Guan Yu's horse was fast and Meng Tan was slashed into halves before he could escape. However, Han Fu had already taken aim and fired an arrow at Guan Yu, who was struck in the left arm. Plucking the arrow out from the bleeding wound, Guan Yu then came for Han Fu and cleaved him clean below the shoulders.

Having dressed his wound, Guan Yu was anxious to move on. The company moved through the night to arrive at Sishui Pass (汜水关, north of present day Xingyang, Henan). The pass defender, Bian Xi, laid 200 men in ambush in a temple outside the pass, while he went out to meet Guan Yu. Having won the trust of the latter, Bian Xi then invited Guan Yu to a feast in the temple hall. One of the monks, who was also from the county of Xie, hinted the danger to his fellow townsfolk. The ambush then failed and Guan Yu slew the scheming Bian Xi and left for Xingyang (荥阳).

Wang Zhi (王植), the governor of Xingyang, attempted a similar scheme. Feigning kindness towards Guan Yu, Wang Zhi led the company to a relay station to settle for the night. He then ordered his deputy Hu Ban (胡班) to draw a thousand troops to surround the station and burn it. Curious about how the famed Guan Yu looked like, Hu Ban decided to go into the station to take a peek. Guan Yu heard him and asked who he was, whereupon he learnt that Hu Ban was the son of Hu Hua (胡华), an old villager who had given Guan Yu's company lodging early in the journey. Guan Yu then passed Hu Ban a letter from his father, which told of the loyal and upright man Guan Yu was, whereupon Hu Ban divulged Wang Zhi's plot, and opened the city gate for Guan Yu to escape. However, Wang Zhi soon caught up and came for Guan Yu with his spear poised. Guan Yu spun around and cleaved him in half.

Trudging along, the company finally arrived at the ferry point on the southern shore of the Yellow River. Qin Qi (秦琪), the defender of the crossing, met a similar fate as his colleagues who dared challenge Guan Yu. Within a bout, Guan Yu severed Qin Qi's head with a sweep of his sabre. Thus the company finally crossed the Yellow River and came to Yuan Shao's territory, though, unknown to them, Liu Bei had by then already moved to Runan (汝南).

Throughout Guan Yu's escape, he also encountered Zhang Liao and Xiahou Dun, who eventually did not resist him much as Cao Cao kept wavering between his orders to stop Guan Yu or to let him go. At the end of his departure, Guan was to meet Zhang Fei, who, against the advice of others, was infuriated with Guan for having defected and picked up his spear to fight him. Guan was unprepared for this but after several bouts, Guan managed to convince Zhang that he was still true to their brotherhood.

Releasing Cao Cao at Huarong Trail
In Chapter 50, after the fire started burning his ships at the Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao gathered all the men he could and escaped towards the city of Jiangling. Under instruction from advisor Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu led 500 foot soldiers and lay in wait along the Huarong Trail, a narrow shortcut in the woods leading to Jiangling. Prior to leaving, Guan Yu had duly sworn an oath not to allow Cao Cao passage over past favours from the warlord.

On the other hand, Cao Cao had come to a fork in the road during his perilous escape. Columns of smoke were seen rising from the narrower path. Cao Cao judged that the smoke was a trick of the enemy to divert him to the main road, where an ambush must have been laid. He then led his men towards the narrow path - the Huarong Trail.

The smoke was indeed a trick by Zhuge Liang. Grasping Cao Cao's psychology exactly, however, Zhuge Liang had meant to direct him to the Huarong Trail, where Guan Yu with his men were waiting. Upon being cut off, Cao Cao rode forward and appealed to Guan Yu to remember his kindness in former days. Seeing the plight of the defeated men and recalling the former favors he received from Cao Cao, Guan Yu eventually allowed the enemy to pass through without challenge, despite his previous oath. Upon returning, Guan Yu pleaded guilty and would have been executed at the order of Zhuge Liang if not for Liu Bei's intercession
One day, the famed physician Hua Tuo came by a boat from the east and went to see Guan Yu, who was playing a game of go with advisor Ma Liang. After examining the wound, Hua Tuo told Guan Yu he had to cut open the flesh and scrape off the residual poison on the surface of the bones. He also suggested that the patient place the injured arm through a ring fixed to a pillar to prevent movement in the absence of anaesthesia, and that blindfold be applied. However, Guan Yu requested that the primitive surgery be performed on the spot, while he continued the game. Those around him cringed at the sound of the knife scraping the bone, but Guan Yu ate and drank, talked and laughed as if he did not feel any pain, presumably not to affect the morale of his army.

Within moments, the treatment was completed. Hua Tuo applied some medications to the wound and sewed it up. Guan Yu laughed and praised the skills of the physician, for the arm felt no more pain. Hua Tuo then left without accepting any reward.

The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms did record a similar incident, though the physician was not named. Also, the injury was sustained on the left arm instead of the right at an unspecified time.

Answer 3

关羽（160?-220），字云长，本字长生，并州河东解县人（今山西运城市），汉族。一直是历来民间崇祀的对象，三国时期蜀汉著名将领，前将军，汉寿亭侯，军事家，五虎上将之首。死后受民间推崇，又经历代朝廷褒封，被人奉为关圣帝君，佛教称为伽蓝菩萨，尊称为“关公”。被后来的统治者崇为“武圣”，与号为“文圣”的孔子齐名。有“千里走单骑”“单刀赴会”“温酒斩华雄”的佳话。

Guan Yu (160? - 220), the character cloud is long, original form immortal, Bingzhou east of the river Xie Xianren (now Shanxi Yuncheng), Han Nationality. Has been the object which always the folk honors offers sacrifice, Three Kingdom era Shuhan renowned military officer, former general, Hanshou pavilion marquis, strategist, head of the five tiger general. After dying, folk esteem, also experiences a generation of royal government to praise seals, is presented by the human is the sage guan god, Buddhism is called the garden Bodhisattva, the polite name is “the Duke Guan”. Is honored by afterward ruler is “the honorific title of guanyu”, with the number is “the article Saint” Kong Zi shares the honor. Has “the great distance walks rides only” “starts a solo run” “warms up wine cuts China male” charming story.

参考资料：http://www.hao123.com/ss/fy.htm

本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 4

a man very man , man of men .