否定转移
否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：
He doesn’tteach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。
一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的
宾语从句。
此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider,find (感到), guess,
be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。
- I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t metyoubefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。
- I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。
- I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？
- He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。
- I don’t recon she is old enough to go toschool. 我认为她还没到上学的年纪。
注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移：
（1）用作插入语时：
-Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
-Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
（2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时：
- Ibelieve and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
（3）用于疑问句时：
-Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
（4）主句中添加
情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时：
- You mustn’tthink he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。
- I wouldn'thave imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。
- I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident. 我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。
（5）think , expect 作料想讲时：
- I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。
- We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。
（6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：
- Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a partof the exam.
别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。
- I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m indifficulty.
我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。
- Ireally don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
- Ifeel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
（7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every, many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时：
- I don’t believe both of them are innocent. 我不相信他们两个都是清白的。
- I never expect all the students will do the exercises afterclasses.
我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。
- We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested inthis topic.
我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。
（8）由于cannot help, ought not， need not， not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离：
- I shouldhave thought sometimes you couldn’t helpthinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
- I think youought not to walk at night alone,
Mr.. Moore.
- I think youneed not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.
- "Ithink the angel are not at all inheaven." Mr.Esmond said."
二、否定形式在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上，语义上却否定
表语部分。
此类动词有：appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel / look / sound as if, feel /look like。
- The old streets don’t appear deserted. ( not deserted . ) 老街看样子还没被废弃。
- I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not verywell … ) 我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。
- The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。
- It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
- It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
三、seem, prove, happen 与
不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。
- The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting. (happen not to attend … )
董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。
- Your answer doesn’t seem to be right. (seem not to be …) 你的答案看起来似乎不正确。
- Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝Jack seems not to like you．）杰克看来不喜欢你。
- The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。
四、pretend , remember 的宾语为
非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语。
- My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor inthe dining room. (pretend not tosee … )
我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。
- I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having …) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。
五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。
- I neverknew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.
我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从不需要钱。
- We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change. (not to be … )
我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。
- Seeing a ball flying, we don’t expect the ball to flyforever. (not to fly …)
看到球飞时，我们认为它不会永远飞下去。
- Idon’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
- Idon’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
- Idon’t expect so. 我认为不会。
六、在“It is / was likely / probably + 从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。
- It isn't likely that it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。
- It isn't probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。
七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。
- He doesn't go to school bybus but on foot. 他不是步行去上学, 而是坐公共汽车。
- Don't judge a man byhis appearance. 不要以貌取人。
- Don’tread in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。
- Don’t talk with yourmouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。
- The ant isnot gathering this for itself alone. 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
- Let’s not talk about ithere. 我们别在这里谈吧。
- This great victory has not been won easily. 这个伟大的胜利赢来得并不容易。
- I didn't know his name until yesterday. （not ... until） 我直到昨天才知道他的名字。
- He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame．but to benefit the boy's parents．
他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。
注：含有not … because (of) 的句子，情况较复杂，需根据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作否定转移，如需转移的话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。例如：
- I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. 我教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。
- The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was used up. 发动机并不是因为油用完而停车的。
- He didn’t go to class because he was sick. 他没去上课，因为他生病了。 (这句话不需作否定转移)
- The manager didn’t give a speech because he felt painful inhis throat. 经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。
- She didn’t call you because she loved you. 这个句子可能出现两种理解：
A. 她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移）
B. 她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移）
到底哪种理解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行辨别，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。
八、表示信念、看法、愿望的名词充当主语从句的表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类词有：hope, thought, view, opinion , wish, expectation, belief, plan等。
- It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that. (will not suffer … )
我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。
- It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computergames. (do not spend … )
我的看法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
- It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday. 他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。
九、含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。这类词有：all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always,altogether, entirely，wholly。
- All the people didn't know the truth. (Notall the people knew the truth.)
并非所有的人都知道事情的真相。
- All that glitters is notgold. 发光的不总是金子。
- Both the children are not clever. (Not both the children …) 两个孩子并不都聪明。
- Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it. ( Not everybody …) 的确不是人人都喜欢它。
- I don’t know all of them. (notall of them) 对于他们我不是个个都认识的。
- I don’t like both of them. (notboth of them.) 这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。
注：当all 与can not 或 won’t 构成否定句式时，其否定不再发生转移，而表示全部否定。
- All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas. 所有外国人没有签证均不能过境。
- All the treatment won’t make any help for her disease. 所有的治疗对他的疾病都无用。
十、"否定主句+肯定式方式从句" 中，主句和从句意思正好相反。例：
- Whales are not fish, as many people think. 鲸不是鱼，而许多人却认为鲸是鱼。
十一、主语是否定特征时，翻译应根据具体情况确定。否定可以转移，也可以不转移。例：
- Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television can ever becompletely happy with black and white again. 看过高质量彩色电视的人再也不可能对黑白电视感到满足了。