Poems of the classification, is a complex issue. Now, only the general view, simply turn the Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties and the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Han Dynasties poetry, commonly referred to as poetry, including the ancient Han Dynasty speech, the Northern and Southern Dynasties Yuefu folk songs and poetry writers of this period. Yuefu Guanshu this is the name. Yuefu songs by the authorities Yuefu collection, and itnotation to the choir. "Wenxindiaolong Yuefu" article said: "Where Le speech said Shi, said Shi Sheng Song." From here we can see that poetry, song, Yuefu that the relationship between the three concepts: poem refers to the poet's Songs, songs and poetry that is compatible music, Yuefu, and that the two terms. Later, Xiyong Yuefu that the old genre or Mofang Yuefu written works, even though no soundtrack, also known as Dynasty. When Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, and so set off a new campaign Yuefu, that innovation, writing current affairs, which called the new Yuefu.
After the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, from the rhythm, the body can be broadly classified into the past of ancient poetry and poetry two categories. Near this body of poetry called poetry, it has a certain rhythm. Ancient poems called Gufeng general, this is in accordance with the practice of writing poetry, form relatively free from the shackles of rhythm.
The number of words from the poem, the so-called four-poetry, poetry and Wuyan Seven Poems. Is a four-term, Wu Yan Wu Gezi is one, Seven is a Qi Gezi. After the Tang Dynasty, four poems rarely met with, so usually only at Wuyan, Seven two categories. Wu Yan ancient poems referred to the five ancient; Seven ancient poems as Qigu; the use of 357 words, usually count Qigu. Wu Yan as Wulv Poems, eight 40-word limit; Seven Poems Qilv short, limited eight of 56 characters. More than eight long called the law, known as Pailv. Law-general, Wu Yan Shi. Only four of the called Poems; five a total of 20 no word Qijue a total of 20 eight characters. Poems and no law can be divided into two absolutely ancient. Law must be subject to the restrictions Pingze rhythm, ancient Ping Ze rhyme by no means the limit. Ancient general must be limited to only five absolutely.
"Modern Poetry" name, started in 1953 - the creation of the Standing string of "modern Shishe" established. The meaning of modern poetry:
1. Form of a free
2. Connotation is open
3. Image management emphasis on the rhetoric.
"Classical Poetry" and "Modern Poetry" Comparison: "Poems" in the sense of both to make, is the soul of the video now. "Classical Poems" "Si Wuxie" the concept of poetry to express Wenrouduihou, mourning and not complain, stressed that the "solution and Bu Kejie between." "Modern Poetry," stressed the spirit of free and open to frank statements situation, "between the flu and flu can not be" communication.
Poetry has the following main parts:
(A) the origin of poetry
Poetry is the oldest and most literary qualities of literary style. From the ancient people's labor, and of folk songs, poems and songs was originally a generic term. Regardless of poetry and song began, poetry and music, dance together, collectively referred to as poetry. Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as, "The Book of Songs," "Songs of the South" and "Han Dynasty" and countless poet's works. Western Europe's poetry, from Homer's ancient Greece, ancient Rome Sappho and the Weier Ji, the poet Horace, such as creation of open source.
(B) the characteristics of poetry
Poetry is highly concentrated summary of the social life of a literary genre, full of the author's thoughts and feelings with a rich imagination, language and image Ninglian strong, with distinct rhythm, and harmony of phonology, the United States full of music, the words general With a branch, pay attention to the structure of the United States.
China's modern poet, literary critic He Qifang said: "Poetry is a concentrated reflection of the social life of literary style, full of rich imagination and feelings, often in direct lyrical approach to performance, but also in refining and harmonious Extent, especially in the distinct rhythms, its language is different from the language of prose. "This definition of the note, summed up the poetry of several basic characteristics: First, the highly concentrated, generally reflect the life of the second , Lyric-statement, full of rich thoughts and feelings; third, rich in imagination, Lenovo and fantasy; fourth, language music with the United States.
(C) the performance of poetry practices
Poetry means a lot of the performance of China's first pandemic is still frequently used
The performance of traditional practices have "vested, Belgium, Hing." "Mao sequence," said: "Poetry is a six-Yan: Yue Feng, Er Yue Fu, San Yue ratio, Si Yue Hing, Wu Yue Ya, Liu Yue Chung."
This "six-yi," the "wind, Accor, Chung" means "The Book of Songs" poems type, "Fu, Belgium, Environment" is the poem's performance practices.
Fu: a direct statement of things performance practices. In the Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi's "poetry-" the Note said: "Fu, Kurashiki and the respect of the Chen case also." Such as, "The Book of Songs" in the "Tan Ge", "Fu Yi" is used in this way.
Comparison: The analogy is the method of depicting things, to express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie "Wenxindiaolong than the Environment", he said: "What is the ratio and also« to cover write-adhesion, and threatened to Qieshi also. "Zhu Xi said:" The ratio, the ratio of the He - Also. "Such as," The Book of Songs "in the" Tettigonioidea "" Shuoshu "chapter that is written in this method.
Hing: effect of child care is flourishing, that is, by a certain things that are beginning to cause things to describe the feeling, and the performance of the drafting. Tang Kong Yingda "Mao justice", he said: "Xing, from also. Reply from Pi category, the others from the heart, all verses cited well-intended animal to see, all-speech also." Zhu Xi More clearly pointed out: "Hing, the first statement by the Choir from Tawu in the speech also." Such as "The Book of Songs" in the "Guanju," "Taoyaomen" and other articles is to use "xing" means the performance.
Performance of these three methods, has been handed down, often integrated use of, complementary to the previous poetry writing has greatly affected.
Poetry is the performance of many of the practices, and history has been continuously develop and use is also flexible, exaggeration, rehabilitation Da, overlapping, jumping, etc., to make reference to. However, various methods can not be separated from imagination, rich imagination is a major characteristic of poetry, poetry is an expression of the most important practices. In poetry, there is also an important symbol of the performance is the way. Symbolic, to say that "for a symbolic meaning," but in modern poetry, the symbol of the soul and performance for the direct image, which is to be noted. In modern point of view, that poetry image-building approach, the main three:
1. Analogy. Liu Xie "Wenxindiaolong" the book said: analogy is "in sound or metaphor, or, in the old, or is intended to be in the heart, or Pi in the matter." In front of these in our list of poetry, it is Many examples. There is also a commonly used analogy of the way, that is, "to people": to be of people, or people to be on. The former as Xu Zhimo's "Zaibiekangqiao": I take lightly, / As I came to light, / I gently waved, / West deviate from the clouds. / Yoo that the river, / is the sunset of the bride; / Yan shimmering in the shadow, / in my heart Dangyang. "Clouds", "Kim Yoo" are viewed as a person. To be of the people, such as Rove's "because the wind because of":…… my mind / You are bright, like the candlelight window / slightly dubious of / by the inevitable trend / because of wind / …… Love to the whole of Health / lit a lamp / I am a fire / may be extinguished at any time / because of wind. "My heart" compared to the candlelight vigil, than for my lights. Of course, the final analysis, real or "to people."
2. Exaggerated. Is to depict things to be enlarged, like the movie "caps" and "Featured" lens, to attract the reader's attention and Lenovo. Li Bai's "Tao Huatan depth Qianchi, less than Wang Lun gave me feeling" ( "gifts Wanglun"), "Fei Liu直下3,000 feet, the suspect is charged nine Galaxy" , which said that "deep Qianchi "" 3,000 feet ", though not the truth, but he has shaped the image, it vividly shows the characteristics of things, the passion of the poet, readers can not only acceptable, but also convincing, very pleasant surprise. However, this exaggeration, must be art, the United States, should not be too absurd, or too real, Taisu. For example, is a description of the cotton harvest poem: "a cotton make a packet / Alice pressed by truck head / head Alice, beverage high / like an anti-aircraft artillery." Reading people feel that it is untrue, have U.S. can not feel.
3. By substituting. He is to replace the things things. It compared with a similar
Of, but different, difference is: the ratio is comparable to the general and the ratio of things are concrete, visible, and it is a party, by substituting specific, the more abstract side, the gap between abstract and concrete Bridges, so that the image of poetry is more clear, prominent, to trigger the reader's Lenovo. This is Ai Qing said the "idea to give wings to the feelings of the clothes, to the sound to color to pass changes to condensate shape."
Poetry shaping the image, not only can be used by the uptake of the material perspective to depict the screen, you can also use hearing, touch and other sensory received by the material, a number of ways to embody the image, to vivid and dramatic, vivid novel. Tang Dynasty poet Jia Dao Yin Chu riding on the donkey on the "bird places floor tree, Monk, pushed under the door," but that "Monk knock on the door" can be. What is the "push" or "strike," , it weighed a hand-shaped, unexpectedly blocked a high official of the donkey blocked, this person is a great writer Han Yu, when the guard will be taken to his Jia Dao Ma ago, according to Jia Xiang Gao, Han Chen Yin long time, that is used Qiaozi better. Because the "knock" sound, the Spring River in the mountains, there are one or two sound mind knock on the door, it makes that scenario "live", is all the more the silence of the environment. 诗体的分类，是一个复杂的问题。现在，只就一般的看法，简单地谈谈汉魏六朝和唐宋的诗体。
汉魏六朝诗，一般称为古诗，其中包括汉魏乐府古辞、南北朝乐府民歌，以及这个时期的文人诗。乐府本是官署的名称。乐府歌辞是由乐府机关采集，并为它配上乐谱，以便歌唱的。《文心雕龙·乐府》篇说："凡乐辞曰诗，诗声曰歌。"由此可以看出诗、歌、乐府这三个概念之间的关系：诗指的是诗人所作的歌辞，歌指的是和诗相配合的乐曲，乐府则兼指二者而言。后来袭用乐府旧题或摹仿乐府体裁写的作品，虽然没有配乐，也称为乐府。中唐时白居易等掀起一个新乐府运动，创新题，写时事，因而叫作新乐府。
唐以后的诗体，从格律上看，大致可分为近体诗和古体诗两类。近体诗又叫今体诗，它有一定的格律。古体诗一般又叫古风，这是依照古诗的作法写的，形式比较自由，不受格律的束缚。
从诗句的字数看，有所谓四言诗、五言诗和七言诗。四言是四个字一句，五言是五个字一句，七言是七个字一句。唐代以后，四言诗很少见了，所以通常只分五言、七言两类。五言古体诗简称五古；七言古体诗简称七古；三五七言兼用者，一般也算七古。五言律诗简称五律，限定八句四十字；七言律诗简称七律，限定八句五十六字。超过八句的叫长律，又叫排律。长律一般都是五言诗。只有四句的叫绝句；五绝共二十个字，七绝共二十八个字。绝句可分为律绝和古绝两种。律绝要受平仄格律的限制，古绝不受平仄格律的限制。古绝一般只限于五绝。
“现代诗”名称，开始使用于1953年—纪弦创立“现代诗社”时确立。现代诗的含义：
1.形式是自由的
2.内涵是开放的
3.意象经营重于修辞。
“古典诗”与“现代诗”的比较：“诗”者皆为感于物而作，是心灵的映现。“古典诗”以“思无邪”的诗观，表达温柔敦厚、哀而不怨，强调在“可解与不可解之间”。“现代诗”强调自由开放的精神，以直率的情境陈述，进行“可感与不可感之间”的沟通。
诗歌主要有以下几部分：
（一）诗歌的起源
诗是最古老也是最具有文学特质的文学样式。来源于古代人们的劳动号子和民歌，原是诗与歌的总称。开始诗和歌不分，诗和音乐、舞蹈结合在一起，统称为诗歌。中国诗歌有悠久的历史和丰富的遗产，如，《诗经》《楚辞》和《汉乐府》以及无数诗人的作品。西欧的诗歌，由古希腊的荷马、萨福和古罗马的维尔吉、贺拉斯等诗人开启创作之源。
（二）诗歌的特点
诗歌是高度集中地概括反映社会生活的一种文学体裁，它饱含着作者的思想感情与丰富的想象，语言凝练而形象性强，具有鲜明的节奏，和谐的音韵，富于音乐美，语句一般分行排列，注重结构形式的美。
我国现代诗人、文学评论家何其芳曾说：“诗是一种最集中地反映社会生活的文学样式，它饱含着丰富的想象和感情，常常以直接抒情的方式来表现，而且在精炼与和谐的程度上，特别是在节奏的鲜明上，它的语言有别于散文的语言。”这个定义性的说明，概括了诗歌的几个基本特点：第一，高度集中、概括地反映生活；第二，抒情言志，饱含丰富的思想感情；第三，丰富的想象、联想和幻想；第四，语言具有音乐美。
（三）诗歌的表现手法
诗歌的表现手法很多，我国最早流行而至今仍常使用
的传统表现手法有“赋、比、兴”。《毛诗序》说：“故诗有六义焉：一曰风，二曰赋，三曰比，四曰兴，五曰雅，六曰颂。”
这“六义”中，“风、雅、颂”是指《诗经》的诗篇种类，“赋、比、兴”就是诗中的表现手法。
赋：是直接陈述事物的表现手法。宋代学者朱熹在《诗集传》的注释中说：“赋者，敷陈其事而直言之也。”如，《诗经》中的《葛覃》《芣苢》就是用的这种手法。
比：是用比喻的方法描绘事物，表达思想感情。刘勰在《文心雕龙·比兴》中说：“且何谓为比也？盖写物以附意，扬言以切事者也。”朱熹说：“比者，以彼物比此物也。”如，《诗经》中的《螽斯》《硕鼠》等篇即用此法写成。
兴：是托物起兴，即借某一事物开头来引起正题要描述的事物和表现思想感情的写法。唐代孔颖达在《毛诗正义》中说：“兴者，起也。取譬引类，起发己心，诗文诸举草木鸟兽以见意者，皆兴辞也。”朱熹更明确地指出：“兴者，先言他物以引起所咏之辞也。”如《诗经》中的《关雎》《桃夭》等篇就是用“兴”的表现手法。
这三种表现手法，一直流传下来，常常综合运用，互相补充，对历代诗歌创作都有很大的影响。
诗歌的表现手法是很多的，而且历代以来不断地发展创造，运用也灵活多变，夸张、复沓、重叠、跳跃等等，难以尽述。但是各种方法都离不开想象，丰富的想象既是诗歌的一大特点，也是诗歌最重要的一种表现手法。在诗歌中，还有一种重要的表现手法是象征。象征，简单说就是“以象征义”，但在现代诗歌中，象征则又表现为心灵的直接意象，这是应予注意的。用现代的观点来说，诗歌塑造形象的手法，主要的有三种：
1．比拟。刘勰在《文心雕龙》一书中说：比拟就是“或喻于声，或方于貌，或拟于心，或譬于事。”这些在我们前面列举的诗词中，便有许多例证。比拟中还有一种常用的手法，就是“拟人化”：以物拟人，或以人拟物。前者如徐志摩的《再别康桥》：轻轻的我走了，／正如我轻轻的来；／我轻轻的招手，／作别西天的云彩。／那河畔的金柳，／是夕阳中的新娘；／波光里的艳影，／在我的心里荡漾。把“云彩”“金柳”都当作人来看待。以人拟物的，如，洛夫的《因为风的缘故》：……我的心意／则明亮亦如你窗前的烛光／稍有暧昧之处／势所难免／因为风的缘故／……以整生的爱／点燃一盏灯／我是火／随时可能熄灭／因为风的缘故。把“我的心”比拟为烛光，把我比作灯火。当然，归根结底，实质还是“拟人”。
2．夸张。就是把所要描绘的事物放大，好像电影里的“大写”“特写”镜头，以引起读者的重视和联想。李白的“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”（《赠汪伦》）“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”（《望庐山瀑布》），其中说到“深千尺”“三千尺”，虽然并非事实真相，但他所塑造的形象，却生动地显示了事物的特征，表达了诗人的激情，读者不但能够接受，而且能信服，很惊喜。然而这种夸张，必须是艺术的、美的，不能过于荒诞，或太实、太俗。如，有一首描写棉花丰收的诗：“一朵棉花打个包／压得卡车头儿翘／头儿翘，三尺高／好像一门高射炮。”读后却反而使人觉得不真实，产生不出美的感觉。
3．借代。就是借此事物代替彼事物。它与比拟有相似
之处，但又有所不同，不同之处在于：比拟一般是比的和被比的事物都是具体的、可见的；而借代却是一方具体，一方较为抽象，在具体与抽象之间架起桥梁，使诗歌的形象更为鲜明、突出，以引发读者的联想。这也就是艾青所说的“给思想以翅膀，给感情以衣裳，给声音以彩色，使流逝变幻者凝形。”
塑造诗歌形象，不仅可以运用视角所摄取的素材去描绘画面，还可以运用听觉、触觉等感官所获得的素材，从多方面去体现形象，做到有声有色，生动新颖。唐代诗人贾岛骑在毛驴上吟出“鸟宿池边树，僧推月下门”，但又觉得用“僧敲月下门”亦可。究竟是“推”还是“敲”，他拿不定主意，便用手作推敲状，不料毛驴挡住一位大官的去路，此人乃大文豪韩愈，当侍卫将贾岛带到他的马前，贾据实相告，韩沉吟良久，说还是用敲字较好。因为“敲”有声音，在深山月夜，有一、二记敲门声，便使得那种情景“活”起来，也更显得环境的寂静了。前述《枫桥夜泊》的“乌啼”“钟声”，也是这首诗的点睛之笔。还有白居易的《琵琶行》中的音乐描写，“大珠小珠落玉盘”一段，更是十分逼真，非常精彩！现代的如黄河浪的《晨曲》：“还有那尊礁石/在固执地倾听/风声雨声涛声之外/隐隐约约的/黎明/灵泉寺的晨钟/恰似鼓山涌泉的/悠远回应/淡淡淡淡的敲落/几颗疏星/而涨红花冠的/雄劲的鸡鸣/仿佛越海而来/啼亮一天朝霞/如潮涌。这首诗也写得很好。所以我们如果掌握了用声音塑造形象的手法，那将为诗歌创作开拓一个更加广阔的领域。
无论是比拟、夸张或借代，都有赖于诗人对客观事物进行敏锐的观察，融入自己的情感，加以大胆的想象，甚
至幻想。可以这样说，无论是浪漫派也好，写实派也好，没有想象（幻想），便不成其为诗人。比如，以豪放著称的李白，固然想象丰富，诗风雄奇，而以写实著称的杜甫，也写出了诸如“安得广厦千万间……何时眼前突兀见此屋……”（《茅屋为秋风所破歌》）和“香雾云鬟湿，清辉玉臂寒。何时倚虚幌，双照泪痕乾。”（《月夜》）等等浮想连翩的佳作。
温馨提示：答案为网友推荐，仅供参考