通常泛指char、short int、int、long int、long long int这五种类型（包括signed和unsigned）以及_Bool类型。当然也包括编译器作为扩展而实现的某些整型类型。
见C11标准：
[6.2.5-4]There are five standard signed integer types, designated as signed char, short int, int, long int, and long long int. (These and other types may be designated in several additional ways, as described in 6.7.2.) There may also be implementation-defined extended signed integer types. The standard and extended signed integer types are collectively called signed integer types.
[6.2.5-6]For each of the signed integer types, there is a corresponding (but different) unsigned integer type (designated with the keyword unsigned) that uses the same amount of storage (including sign information) and has the same alignment requirements. The type _Bool and the unsigned integer types that correspond to the standard signed integer types are the standard unsigned integer types. The unsigned integer types that correspond to the extended signed integer types are the extended unsigned integer types. The standard and extended unsigned integer types are collectively called unsigned integer types.
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