一、动词后直接加to do和doing有以下四种情况(以下分析限于小学和初中的英语范畴)
1、动词后常常只能加to do
want, would like, need, decide, hope, intend, etc.
2、动词后常常只能加doing
enjoy, finish, mind, practise, etc.
3、动词后可以加do, 也可加doing, 且意思基本无差别
like, love(在英式英语中有差别,doing 指习惯性喜欢,to do指偶尔为之;在美式英语中,无差别)
start, begin, etc.
4、动词后可以加do, 也可加doing, 且意思差别很大
1)forget to do(忘了去做)Vs. forget doing(忘了做过)
2)stop to do(停下,去做) Vs. stop doing(停下正在做)
3)try to do(尽力去做) Vs.try doing(尝试做做)
Ps:到高中领域,上面有些说法就不严谨了,比如:
want后可加doing, e.g. The garden needs watering.
二、动词不定式复合结构,即动词加名词后,再加不定式,分以下三种情况
1、只能加to do
ask, would like, want, need, tell, order sb. to do sth.
2、只能加do
make, let, have sb. do sth.
3、随便
help sb. do( to do) sth.
三、动词不定式复合结构Vs.现在分词复合结构
see, hear, smell, feel, find sb.(sth.) do/ doing
e.g. I can hear someone crying in the dark.
I heard someone pass by the window.
二者在表达效果上有一定区别,自己去体会
四、动词不定式的被动结构与过去分词复合结构(示例说明)
1、动词不定式的被动结构(第二个句子)
1)The local authority asked the vicar to cut down the cursed tree. (假设是让牧师本人砍掉)
2)The local authority asked the tree to be cut down.
2、过去分词复合结构。
Several days later, some of the visitors found the tree cut down and the vicar destroyed.(说明树已经被砍倒了,牧师也崩溃了。)
3、区别
“ask sth. to be done” ---动词不定式的被动结构,“要求某事情去被做”,未做
“found sth. done"---现在分词的复合结构,”发现某事已经被做“,已做
Ps:如果你是初二,掌握前3个即可。
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