第1个回答 2008-04-28
路德维希•凡•贝多芬（Ludwig van Beethoven，(1770.12.16-1827.3.26），德国最伟大的音乐家、钢琴家，维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一也是最后一位，与海顿、莫扎特一起被后人称为“维也纳三杰”。祖籍荷兰（亦说波兰），出身科隆选侯宫廷歌手世家。他出生于德国波恩的平民家庭，自幼跟从父亲学音乐。很早就显露了音乐才能，八岁开始登台演出。1792年到维也纳深造，艺术上进步飞快。贝多芬信仰共和，崇尚英雄，创作了有大量充满时代气息的优秀作品，如：交响曲《英雄》、《命运》；序曲《哀格蒙特》；钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》、《月光曲》、《暴风雨》、《热情》等等。一生坎坷，没有建立家庭。二十六岁时开始耳聋，晚年全聋，只能通过谈话册与人交谈。但孤寂的生活并没有使他沉默和隐退，在一切进步思想都遭禁止的封建复辟年代里，依然坚守“自由、平等、博爱”的政治信念，通过言论和作品，为共和理想奋臂呐喊，反映了当时资产阶级反封建、争民主的革命热情，写下不朽名作《第九交响曲》。他的作品受十八世纪启蒙运动和德国狂飙突进运动的影响，个性鲜明，较前人有了很大的发展。在音乐表现上，他几乎涉及当时所有的音乐体裁；大大提高了钢琴的表现力，使之获得交响性的戏剧效果；又使交响曲成为直接反映社会变革的重要音乐形式。贝多芬集古典音乐的大成，同时开辟了浪漫时期音乐的道路，对世界音乐的发展有着举足轻重的作用，为人类留下了无价的音乐宝藏，因此，世人尊称他为“乐圣”。主要作品有交响曲九部（以第三《英雄》、第五《命运》、第六《田园》、第九《合唱》最为著名），歌剧《费黛里奥》等等。
Ludwig • Where • Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven, (1770.12.16-1827.3.26), Germany's greatest musicians, pianist, Vienna classical music to send a representative of one of the last, and Haydn , Along with Mozart's descendants known as the "Vienna Sanjie." Native of the Netherlands (also said that Poland), elected from the Cologne court singer Hou family. He was born in Bonn, Germany, the civilian family, studied music at an early age to follow his father. Very early Exposed to the music, the eight-year-old began the stage. Vienna in 1792 to study, artistic progress quickly. Beethoven's Republican belief, advocate the hero, created a large number of full flavor of the times outstanding works, such as: Symphony "Hero", "Destiny" Overture "mourning Gemeng Te" Piano Sonata "Pathetique," "Moonlight", "Storm" and "enthusiasm." Rough life, not a family. When the 26-year-old deaf, all in their twilight years Deaf, for only through conversation and talk. But lonely life and his silence and did not retire, in all progressive thinking have been prohibited by the revival of the feudal era, still adhere to "freedom, equality, fraternity" political convictions, Through words and works for the Republican ideal of Fen-arm cry, reflecting the anti-feudal bourgeois at the time, indisputable democratic revolutionary fervor, wrote immortal's "Ninth Symphony." He works by 18th-century Enlightenment and Germany Sturm und drang of the impact of distinct personality than their predecessors a great development. In music performance, he was involved in almost all the music genre; greatly enhance the performance of the piano, and thus obtain symphonic drama of the effect; And the Symphony of a direct reflection of the importance of social change music. Collection of classical music of Beethoven Dacheng, and opened up a romantic music of roads, the development of world music has a pivotal role for the human left a priceless Musical treasures, therefore, the people of the world known as "Le Saint." Major works include Symphony No. 9 (the third "Hero", the fifth "destiny", 6 "Pastoral", 9 "Choral" the most famous) , Opera,