高考英语有考查宾语补足语的题吗?主要考哪些词做宾补呢?

如题所述

高考英语宾语补足语是一个考点,一般是选择题。
宾语补足语概念:
在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。
句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./todo/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法)。
该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。例如:
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
此句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。

常用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语:
分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动;如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。例如:
He was heard singing in the next room.
He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词singing。
One of the glasses was found broken.
One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词broken。
Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
The water is running.宾语the water与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词running。

列举可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词:
要会使用分词作补足语,必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。
1.感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at(一感二听五看)及find等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如:
If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air moving against your face.
The air can be felt moving against your face,if you wave your book in front of your face.
The next morning she found the man lying in bed,dead.
The next morning the man was found lying in bed,dead.
2.表示“致使”动词get,have,leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。
--Good morning.Can I help you?
--I’d like to have the package weighed,madam.
3.表示“意欲;命令”的动词如like,want,wish,order等常接过去分词充当补足语。如:
You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完。
注意:set,start,catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
Set sb.thinking,start sb.coughing,
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard.

典例精析:
1.I smell something___________in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?
A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt
答案:A。
解析:smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。burning作宾语补足语。Something burnt“烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选A。
2.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mother’s voice______him.
A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call
答案:A。
解析:hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing表示主动,the child heard his
mother’svoice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选A。
3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_____in a short period.
A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve
答案:A。
解析:have sth.done表示“使某事被做”,have her written English
improved“使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。Have sb.doing
sth.意为“使某人一直在做某事”表主动。Have sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”表主动,do前必须省略to。所以选A。
4.--Did Peter fix the computer himself?
--He______,because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it
答案:C。
解析:have sth.done表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”,动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由because he doesn’t know much about computers可判断出,他找别人维修了电脑。所以选C。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2013-03-10
情况较多 l
例如: find it hard to do/ keep sb. from doing
又如:ask sb. to do sth
建议你看看专门的语法书

“with +复合宾语”结构
  既可用作定语,也可用作状语。
  常见的“with +复合宾语”结构主要有以下五种形式:
  1)with +宾语+动词-ing形式
  ①With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble in getting to the
  station.
  由这个男孩带路,我们不难到达了火车站。
  ②With the wind blowing heavily, we took great trouble to move on to
  the front.
  由于风刮得很大,我们费力地往前线进发。
  2)with +宾语+过去分词(past participle)
  ①The child was crying with the glasses broken.
  眼镜破了,那小孩哭了起来。
  ②With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch.
  所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙回家吃午饭。
  3)with +宾语+不定式
  ①With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night.
  有这么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。
  ②With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the
  light music.
  有许多事要处理,我只好停止收听轻音乐。
  4)with +宾语+介词短语
  ①The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
  老师手中拿着一本书走进教室。
  ②She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both
  sides.
  她看到一条小河,两岸长满了红花绿草。
  5)with +宾语+形容词(或副词)
  ①Don't sleep with the door and windows open.
  不要开着门窗睡觉。
  ②Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.
  所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。
  【注意】“with +复合宾语”在句中既可以用作状语表示方式或伴随动作,又可以用作定语。例如:
  ①The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
  老师手里拿了一本书走进了教室。
  ②With a boy leading the way, we had little trouble in finding the
  old man's house.
  一个男孩带路,我们不难就找到了那位老人的家。
  ③The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher.
  手里拿着一本书的那位老师是一位新来的英语老师。
  ④The wounded soldier with an old man leading the way got to the
  hospital very soon.
  由一位老人带路的那个伤员很快就到达了医院。
  某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即:间接宾语+直接宾语)或复合宾语(即:宾语+宾语补足语),这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但结构与意义却不同。那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?
  (1)从动词上区分。
  一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:
  The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。
  They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。
  The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事。
  一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:
  We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。
  He didn’t let me go.他不让我走。
  They call the bird“Polly”.他们叫这鸟“波利”。
  (2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分。
  在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。例如:
  She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)
  He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(双宾语)
  We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)
  Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(复合宾语)
  They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)
  I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)
  The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)
  (3)从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。
  在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。例如:
  Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.请给我看看你的新书。
  She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。
  宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。例如:
  We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
  We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
  You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
  I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
  He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
  we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)
  表语是出现在表语从句中,例如“ That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中的is就是表语。那表语还有am,are等。
  再给你举一些例子。 What I know is that he can‘t do it.我所知道的是他不会做这见事。 It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。
  以it作形式主语,把主语从句后置的常用的句型有:
  (1)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
  (2)It + be + 名词词组 + that从句
  (3)It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
  (4)It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句
  形式宾语就是它并不是真正的宾语,而是用IT来代替的,这句话中TRAVEL AROUND是真正的宾语,为了不使句子有头重脚轻的感觉,所以宾语后至,但前边必须加个形式宾语.这句话若不使用形式宾语为:Li lei finds travling around the city is hard beacause he dosen't know the way.

参考资料:http://wenwen.soso.com/z/q208617495.htm

本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2013-03-10
做宾补的成分主要有名词、形容词、副词、介宾短语、非谓语动词等。如:
We call him Tim. (名词)
I found the house empty. (形容词)
Hold the bottle and pull the cork out. (副词)
The surveyor finally found the Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition. (介宾短语)
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. (不定式)
He saw a thief rush out of a shop carrying a bag full of money. (无to不定式)
She heard planes passing overhead. (现在分词)
I must definitely get that fellow posted. (过去分词)本回答被提问者采纳
相似回答