动词ing形式变化规则一般总结为：
1. –ing 分词的构成
主动形式 被动形式 doing being done 一般式 完成式 having done having been done 否定式: not+ --ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done
2. 一般式和完成式的用法
--ing 分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示 的动作同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示 先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如： Walking along the street, he caught sight of an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
3. ---ing分词的被动式
当－ing 分词与它的逻辑主语构成被 动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据－ing 分词动作发生的时间，－ing分词的被动 式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被 动式(having been done), 如： The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.
4. ---ing分词的句法功能
1) ---ing 分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 2) ---ing分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语：admit/ appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest / give up/cannot help