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Question

本次设计题目是基于51单片机的温度测控系统。利用8051单片机为微处理器，对温度自动采样检测并与给定值进行比较，采用模糊PID控制思想对温度进行控制。采用单片机模糊控制系统控制温度能较好地克服温度对象的纯滞后特性,控制响应时间短、超调小且系统结构简单,适用范围广。
设计的硬件电路以MCS-51系列中的8051作为系统的核心，使用智能温度传感器DS18B20为感温元件。将这种单总线、数字式温度传感器应用于计算机与自动化测控领域改变了传统温度测试方法,直接将温度物理量变换为数字信号并以总线方式传送到计算机进行数据处理。然后通过零检测装置、温度控制装置进行加热以达到对温度进行控制的目的。8051外接串行EEPROM24C16、显示器、键盘、看门狗电路，和独立供电电源。同时系统的每一个部分都有用特定器件来提高其抗干扰能力。
软件设计的内容应用单片机汇编语言进行编写。主要内容有：主程序、键盘显示程序、T0中断程序、采样程序、数字滤波程序、标度变换程序、PID运算程序、T1中断程序、看门狗程序。
本次设计的主要设计内容是硬件电路的设计、器件的选择与连接,软件流程，应用PROTEL进行原理图的绘制。掌握系统的工作原理，硬件电路各器件间连接的抗干扰设计。对各个芯片的附属元器件的功能进行全面了解，完成其与芯片的连接和位置的设计。本实验部分器件应用了滑动变阻器进行调零，以便增加准确度。

Answer 1

The design is based on 51 topics MCU temperature control system. Use 8051 as microprocessors, the temperature detection and automatic sampling and given value, Fuzzy thinking PID control of temperature control. Using fuzzy control system to control the temperature can be used to overcome the target temperature hysteresis characteristics of the pure, control short response time, overshoot small and simple structure, the wide range of application. The hardware circuit design to MCS-51 series of 8051 as the core of the system The use of intelligent temperature sensor for temperature DS18B20 components. This will be single bus, Digital temperature sensor used in computers and automated measurement and control field changed the traditional method of temperature measurement, directly to the physical transformation temperature of the digital signal and send it to the bus computer data processing. Then zero detection device, temperature control devices to achieve the right heating temperature control. 8051 External Serial EEPROM24C16, monitors, keyboards, watchdog circuit, and an independent power supply. Meanwhile every system using every part of a specific device to improve its ability to resist interference. Software design of MCU application for the preparation of assembly language. The main points are : main program, keyboard and display program, T0 interruption procedures, sampling procedures, digital filtering procedures, scaling transformation process, PID Operational procedures, T1 interruption procedures watchdog procedures. The design of the main contents of the hardware circuit design, device annealing, software process, PROTEL application for diagram drawing. Grasp the principle, the hardware device connected between the anti-jamming design. All of the chip subsidiary of the functional components for a comprehensive understanding to complete the connection with the chip design and location. The experimental application of the device sliding rheostats for zero, in order to increase accuracy.

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