首先你需要知道名词的分类,然后分别记忆复数的变化方式
一、名词的分类:
可数名词 个体名词 car, horse, teacher, bike, book, boy
名词 普通名词 集体名词 people, family, class, police, cattle
不可数名词 物质名词 air, rain, snow, water, meat, wood
抽象名词 patience, anger, health, culture
专有名词 Chinese, the Great Wall, (NOTES:专有名词须大写【实词】首字母)
二、可数名词的复数 (规则&不规则)
1. 规则变化
情况 构成 例词 读音
一般单数名词 词尾+-s desk→desks, map→maps -s在清辅音后发[s]
day → days, girl → girls -s在元音和浊辅音后发[z]
s, x, ch, sh结尾 词尾+-es bus → buses, box → boxes
watch→watches, fish→fishes -es读作[Iz]
辅音字母+y结尾 y→i+-es family→families, factory→factories
party → parties, baby → babies -ies读作[Iz]
f/fe结尾 f/fe→v+-es knife → knives, life → lives
wife → wives, half → halves -ves读作[vz]
辅音字母+o结尾 有生命+-es potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
无生命+s hero→heroes, Negro→Negroes -es读作[z]
2. 不规则变化
a)单复数同形:fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, cattle, works, means;
b) dozen (一)打,score二十,head (牛羊的)头(数)。
We order ten dozen (of) buttons.
I want three score eggs.
There are more than two hundred head of cattle on the farm.
c) people, police 常用单数形式表示复数概念。
The police are looking for the missing boy.
d) “某国人”的复数:中日瑞不变英法变,其余-s加后面。
Chinese(Cantonese, Taiwanese), Japanese, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Swiss
Englishman → Englishmen, Frenchman → Frenchmen
German → Germans, American → Americans
三、不可数名词的复数
1. 前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单 (形式为单、谓语动词为单、代词为单)。
2. 表量:
a) 用约数: some/any; much; a lot of等, 如:some milk, much time, a lot of money
b) 用容器: a cup/bottle/glass/box of等, 如:a cup of tea, a box of chocolate
c) 用量词: a piece/drop/slice of等, 如:a drop of blood, a slice of meat
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