倒装句（必修五Unit 4 语法）
英语句子中存在两种语序：一种是正常语序，一种是倒装语序。
倒装语序分两种情况：谓语动词全部置于主语前面的叫完全倒装。
谓语动词只有一部分（如助动词、情态动词或be 动词）置于主语前面的叫部分倒装。
完全倒装
考点一△表示方位的副词（here, there, down, in, up, off, out, ahead、away）或介词短语（表方位、地点的）置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装。此类倒装结构中谓语动词多为表示运动的词，如go, come, rush.
①The door opened and in came the headmaster.
②By his side stood a little boy.
③There lived an old man in Rome.
④On the teacher’s desk are the new books for the pupils.
⑤Before us lay a vast expanse of golden crops.
⑥Along the wall stood four big book cases.
⑦Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training.
⑧South of the city lies a big zoo.
⑨ This is our building, on top of which is flying a red flag.
We will visit the school, in front of which flows a small river.
△副词now，then，thus等置于句首引导的句子，谓语动词是come，go，begin，follow，end，be等词时，句子要用完全倒装。
①Now comes your turn.
②Then began our new lesson.
③Then came the news that the president would visit our city.
Then followed a shot of gun.
④Thus ended the meeting.
△注意：当句子的主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。请看以下例句：
①Out rushed the boy. Out he rushed.
②Here you are. Here it is.
考点二 为了句子的平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。此类倒装句的结构：adj/ v-ed/ v-ing/ 介词短语+系动词+主语
①Present at the meeting was Professor White.(形容词)
②Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets.(过去分词)
③Hanging on the wall was a painting.(现在分词)
④Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(形容词)
⑤Gone are the days when I was looked down upon.(过去分词式的形容词)
部分倒装结构：部分谓语（助动词/情态动词/系动词）+主语+实义动词+…
考点三 Only位于句首+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）+部分倒装句
①Only then did he know who was his mother.
②Only by working hard can we succeed.
③Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is.
④Only after every doctor got ready could the patient be operated on.
考点四 否定词或半否定意义的词位于句首时。这类词有never, little, few, seldom, hardly, nowhere, scarcely, barely, rarely；常见的短语有not + 副词或副词短语：not until, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, on /under no condition; on no account; under no circumstances, not only… but also; no sooner…than; hardly/ scarcely…when…; neither… nor…等。
①Never have I seen such a person (06.安徽考查了Never在句首)
②Not only does he like English, but also he learns it well.
③Nowhere else in the world can you see such a wonderful sight.
④Not a single mistake did he make.
⑤At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
On no account should the house be left unlocked.
⑥Not until his health was lost, did he know what it was worth.(部分倒装句)
It was not until his health was lost that he knew what it was worth .（强调句）
⑦Hardly had I reached the bus station when the bus started. = No sooner had I reached the bus station than the bus started.(要注意主句和从句的时态)
(06.天津) No sooner had she gone than it happened.
考点五
△ So + 助动词/ be/ 情态动词 + 主语（……也一样）
△ Neither/ nor+ be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语（……也这样）
①I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
②If you don’t go, neither will I.
③I have been to Beijing; so has she.
△ He can dance well but cannot sing. So it is with Jack./ It is the same with Jack. So it is/ was with sb (前面所提情况有人也有物或动词有肯定也有否定或有be 也有情态动词)，“某人也是这种情况”。
△Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.
Our eating habits have changed, and so has our way of life.
考点六 △Such a + adj + n. +部分倒装 + that从句
△So + adj/ adv + 部分倒装 + that从句
△So + adj + a + n +部分倒装 + that从句
①So interesting is the book that he can’t tear himself away from it.
So interesting a book is it that he can’t tear himself away from it.
②So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
③Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.
④So instructive a speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.
⑤Such would be our home in the future.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
△ So many/ few/ much/ little + 名词+部分倒装+ that 从句
So many falls have I had that I’m black and blue all over.
So much noise did they make that we couldn’t hear the teacher.
考点七 if 的虚拟条件中含有should, had或were，省略了if要把should, had, were 放在句首。请记住以下基本用法（必背）：
if从句
主句
例句
与现在
事实相反
if+主语+动词的过去式
（be动词用were）
主语+would/ should
could/ might+动词原形
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
与将来
事实相反
①If+主语+动词过去式
②if+主语+were to+动词原形
③if+主语+should+动词原形
主语+would/ should
could/ might+动词原形
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If you should not came, we would put off the meeting.
与过去
事实相反
If+主语+had +过去分词
主语+would /should /could /might +have +过去分词
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the exams.
①If it should rain, the crops would grow better.→
Should it rain, the crops would grow better.
②If there were no steel, there would be no modern industry. →
Were there no steel, there would be no modern industry.
③If it had not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk. →
Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.
考点八 形/ 副/ 名词/ 动词原形/ 分词+ as / though + 主语+…
①Poor as he was, he was honest.
②Child as he is, he knows a lot about history.（名词之前无冠词）
③Much as I like this book, I like others much better.
④(05.广东)Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.
⑤Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.
⑥Strange as his idea sounds, it seems to be performing well.
其他情况：
①May you succeed! May all your best wishes come true!
②Thus did he finish the job. (也可以不倒装) Thus he finished the job.
③（07.上海）Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.
(07.陕西) So successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches.
(09.四川)Not until I came back last night did Mum go to bed.
(08.湖北)Seldom have they played video games ever since they entered college.
(06.重庆)By no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
(08.辽宁)Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report, and neither was I.
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