spend和cost/take的区别

如题所述

三者均可表示“花费”,区别如下:
1. 从所用主语来看:
  cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;
  spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;
  take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。
  如:The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
  It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
  I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。整天找你
  I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
  注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
2. 从所接宾语来看:
  cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。
  如:How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?建这座桥花了多少钱
  It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
  He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
  注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看:
  (1) 三者的通常句型为:
  sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
  it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
  sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
  sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
  it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
  sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
  sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
  (2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.误:Two hours was taken to do the work.正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
 4. 在比喻用法中:
  (1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring him up. It‘ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
  (2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如:I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
  (3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:)It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
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第1个回答  2015-04-15
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three
years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。本回答被提问者和网友采纳
第2个回答  2020-01-21

四个花费

第3个回答  2015-04-15
spend主语为人追答

sb. spend +时间/金钱+on sth.
sb. spend +时间/金钱+in doing sth.

(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don?蒺t worry!Ill pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。

cost指某物值多少钱spend主语为人,某人买什么花了多少钱take一般主语为it

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