如何证明样本均值数学期望等于总体均值？

Question

非常急啊！请大侠们帮帮忙！

Answer 1

总体方差为σ²,均值为μ
S=[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]/(n-1)
X表示样本均值=(X1+X2+...+Xn)/n

设A=(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2
E(A)=E[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]
=E[(X1)^2-2X*X1+X^2+(X2)^2-2X*X2+X^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn)^2-2X*Xn+X^2]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2+nX^2-2X*(X1+X2+...+Xn)]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2+nX^2-2X*(nX)]
=E[(X1)^2+(X2)^2...+(Xn)^2-nX^2]

而E(Xi)^2=D(Xi)+[E(Xi)]^2=σ²+μ²
E(X)^2=D(X)+[E(X)]^2=σ²/n+μ²
所以E(A)=E[(X1-X)^2+(X2-X)^2....+(Xn-X)^2]
=n(σ²+μ²)-n(σ²/n+μ²)
=(n-1)σ²

S=A/(n-1)
所以 E(S)=(n-1)σ²/(n-1)=σ²