第1个回答 2010-06-22
Compliment (drastic) is the establishment and the maintenance of common language form interpersonal meanings, social communication, not only can shorten the distance between social communication, and can be further contact feelings, consolidate the interpersonal relationship.
Praise is a kind of matching structure of the other party, party for praise, another side to make corresponding response to often be praised, namely is to accept or refuse, in what ways or speech act to accept or refuse. And the people under different cultural background in using the same language, because of its cultural roots, usually on the same language phenomenon different response. These responses in a culture is acceptable, but for some culture may be acceptable. Based on the mode of the compliments conversation between western and Chinese research shows that in use is typical of the compliments. At the same time, the differences in their conversational mode largely reflects the various cultural factors in the western influence, but also reflects the Chinese and American people have different attitude and value.
A, communicating with differences in language
1 subject to the occasion and praise
Austin (1) of the speech act theory that people use some form of language is mainly to express themselves in a short words and actions to. Praised as a kind of language communication, which itself is a kind of value judgment, for one person is openly or something to actively comments, in order to consolidate the interpersonal relationship. But different social values, different social evaluation of attention is different, so that the contents of the compliments on occasions and also exist differences.
Through the use of Chinese and western person world.the research shows that Chinese compliments in appearance and personality, ability is the main topic. And in the UK, ability and is the main topic, and appearance of the personality of praise. [2] and most praise in the social status of similar age and between people. But if it is of different social status between behavior and praise in Chinese environment, praised by the social status of behavior usually lower. And the same situation is not obvious in Anglo-American countries. Both Chinese and English, use or user of most women in appearance, flattery to men in ability or achievement.
At the same time, the appearance, English on "decorate painstakingly effect", while Chinese prefers the natural appearance, and the ability to turn, pass to praise each other English after achievements, such as "Nice" webmaster, But Chinese praised the achievements, the other party may also mentioned for successful effort, such as "your thesis, pretty good, must find a lot of information.
Secondly, used in different occasions compliments. English compliment tend to express equality, consistent relationship, and Chinese are focusing on the respect, care each other. Such as visiting dinner, English culture background of guest most speak such words: "I enjoyed myself." but one connected Chinese cultural background, the words of praise is more of an apology, such as "do so many dishes, hard you". Such words to express the speaker is concerned, the listener is polite. In addition, because English culture background of compliment emphasize both equality unanimously, so the compliments almost become a habit, thanks for greeting, etc. But in Chinese cultural background, compliment emphasize respect each other, make each other when expressing praised by others feel real compliments and respect, so Chinese compliments of frequency than English.
Question 2, added the compliments and pragmatic differences of refraction deep cultural differences
Americans self-awareness and independent consciousness very strong, and its culture outstanding individual character, exalt personal dignity, value, and proposes the individual independence and different value orientation. But Chinese culture emphasize group, modesty is the relationship of virtue, thus praised also plays a different role, it can make people have a hearer of good impression, thereby, please listen to the distance between each other. America is a nation of immigrants, no new traditional maras, thus advocate between equality. In social activities, praise without the use and cultural background. And the king, and Chinese traditional ideas of feudal already entrenched in people's hearts. Chinese culture, advocate "courtesy costs nothing", and the manners is the traditional Chinese ethics and morality, such as different for men, who in his orderly, families and society, not arbitrary positioning. In this paper, the difference of the compliments can see: due to different cultural background and ecology in nation, physical, social and religious environment different, thus produced various ethnic language habits, social culture, and the local conditions and customs of different aspects of context factors, will cause people to speak and habits identical
第2个回答 2010-06-22
Compliment (compliment) to establish and maintain meaningful interpersonal form of universal language, is the language of social communication can not only reduce the social distance between communicators, and can further feel for consolidation of relationships.
Praise is a matching structure, that is, when one party against the other praise, the other often have to respond accordingly, he incurs praised the party to accept or reject, in what way or to accept or reject the speech act. The different cultural backgrounds of people use the same language, because of their different cultural roots, usually the same linguistic phenomenon will produce different responses. These responses in a culturally acceptable, but a culture may be unacceptable. Compliments on the Western model of conversation that, in the West have a typical use of Compliments difference. At the same time, the session on the differences largely reflect the different cultures in the West by the factors, also reflects the Chinese and American people have a different mentality and values.
First, Chinese Compliment Pragmatic Differences
1. English praised the topic and the occasion of the difference
〔1〕 Austin speech act theory is that the use of a language is mainly to express their own acts of certain acts, in short, to Do Things with Words. Praised as a communicative act, which itself is a value judgments, are open to individual or something of a positive comment to make in order to strengthen relationships. Different values and different social, attracted the attention of the focus of evaluation are different, praised the focus on content and language use in situations where there are differences.
Compliments on the use of Western research shows that Chinese Compliments ability, appearance and personality are the main topic. In the Anglo-American countries, the ability and appearance are the main topic, but very little on the personality of praise. 〔2〕 praised the behavior of most of the West occurred in similar social status and age between. However, if social status between different people praise behavior in Chinese environment, praised the actions the lower social status usually given. The same situation in Britain and the U.S. is not obvious. The use of either Chinese or English speakers, most women get compliments in appearance, but rather for the men are concentrated in ability or achievements.
Meanwhile, praised appearance, the English focused on the "deliberate modification of the effects," while the Chinese tend to look natural, but for the ability to praise each other through the efforts of English tend to commend the achievements after, such as "Nice work"; and Chinese In addition to commend each other's achievements, but also mentioned other successful efforts, such as "you did very well written paper, and must check a lot of information."
Secondly, the use of Compliments different occasions. English Complimentary tend to express equality, the same relationship, said Chinese are focused on respect, care for each other. Example to other people's homes for dinner, English cultural context of the guests will mostly be about a similar case: "I enjoyed myself very much." While the Chinese cultural background, the praise, then more is an apology, then replaced, such as "to do so more food, you've worked hard. " Similar to the case expressed concern about the speaker on the listener, is polite performance. In addition, because of English language and cultural background of the praise the same emphasis on an equal footing, so Compliment almost become a phrase used to greet, thank and so on. But in the context of Chinese culture, Compliments emphasized respect for each other, the expression of praise, we should let each other feel really appreciated and respected by others, so Chinese Compliment high frequency of less than English.
Questions added: 2, Pragmatic differences between English and praised the deep cultural differences in refraction
Americans a strong sense of self-awareness and independence, its cultural highlight the individuality, respect the individual personality and values, dignity, promote independence and individual people of different values. The group also stressed that relations between the Chinese culture, modesty is a virtue of the Chinese nation, and therefore also play different roles in praise, which enables the listener to the speaker, and have a good impression, so please listen people, pull into each other distance. The United States is an emerging nation of immigrants, not the traditional aristocratic civilian distinction, which advocates equality between people. In social activities, use of praise can not escape from this cultural background. The emperor and the Chinese tradition, son of the feudal hierarchy has been ingrained in people's hearts. To promote Chinese culture, "politeness costs nothing," and etiquette associated with this traditional Chinese moral concepts, such as men and women are different, young and old order, people in the family and society, clear positioning, not any beyond. Compliments from the difference between English and Chinese can be seen: due to different ethnic and cultural backgrounds in which ecological, physical, social and religious environment is different, thus creating the language and customs of various ethnic, social, cultural, customs, and many other contextual factors The differences and also led to different speech patterns and habits.
第3个回答 2010-06-20
英文：
Compliment (compliment) to establish and maintain meaningful interpersonal form of universal language, is the language of social communication can not only reduce the social distance between communicators, and can further feel for consolidation of relationships.
Praise is a matching structure, that is, one party against the other praise, the other often have to respond accordingly, he incurs praised the party to accept or reject, in what way or to accept or reject the speech act. The different cultural backgrounds of people use the same language, because of their different cultural roots, usually the same linguistic phenomenon will produce different responses. The response is acceptable in some cultures, but for a culture may be unacceptable. Compliments on the Western model of conversation that, in the West have a typical use of Compliments difference. At the same time, the session on the differences largely reflect the different cultures in the West by the factors, also reflects the Chinese and American people have a different mentality and values.
First, Chinese Compliment Pragmatic Differences
1. English praised the topic and the occasion of the difference
〔1〕 Austin speech act theory is that the use of a language is mainly to express their own acts of certain acts, in short, to Do Things with Words. Praised as a communicative act, which itself is a value judgments, are open to individual or something of a positive comment to make in order to strengthen relationships. Different values and different social, attracted the attention of the focus of evaluation are different, praised the focus on content and language use in situations where there are differences.
Compliments on the use of Western research shows that Chinese Compliments ability, appearance and personality are the main topic. In the Anglo-American countries, the ability and appearance are the main topic, but very little on the personality of praise. 〔2〕 praised the behavior of most of the West occurred in similar social status and age between. However, if social status between different people praise behavior in Chinese environment, praised the actions the lower social status usually given. The same situation in Britain and the U.S. is not obvious. The use of either Chinese or English speakers, most women get compliments in appearance, but rather for the men are concentrated in ability or achievements.
Meanwhile, praised appearance, the English focused on the "deliberate modification of the effects", while the Chinese tend to look natural, but praise for the ability, through the efforts of English tend to Zanyangduifang after the achievements such as "Nice work"; and Chinese In addition to commend each other's achievements, but also mentioned other successful efforts, such as "you did very well written paper, and must check a lot of information."
Secondly, the use of Compliments different occasions. English Complimentary tend to express equality, the same relationship, said Chinese are focused on respect, care for each other. Example to other people's homes for dinner, English cultural context of the guests will mostly be talking like this, then: "I enjoyed myself very much." While the Chinese cultural background, praised the words of more Pi to apologize, then replaced, such as "to do so more food, you've worked hard. " Similar to the case expressed concern about the speaker on the listener, is polite performance. In addition, because the praise of English cultural background emphasized that both sides equal the same language, it almost becomes a habit Compliments term for hello, thank, etc.. But in the context of Chinese culture, Compliments emphasized respect for each other, the expression of praise, we should let each other feel really appreciated and respected by others, so Chinese Compliment high frequency of less than English.
意大利文：
Complimento (complimento) di stabilire e mantenere la forma interpersonali significative del linguaggio universale, è la lingua di comunicazione sociale possono non solo ridurre la distanza sociale tra comunicatori, e possono ulteriormente sentire per il consolidamento dei rapporti.
La lode è una struttura di corrispondenza, cioè, quando una parte contro l'altra lodare, l'altro spesso devono rispondere di conseguenza, egli assume elogiato il partito di accettare o rifiutare, in che modo o per accettare o respingere l'atto di parola. I diversi background culturale di persone usano la stessa lingua, a causa delle loro radici culturali diverse, in genere lo stesso fenomeno linguistico produce risposte diverse. Queste risposte in un culturalmente accettabile, ma una cultura può essere inaccettabile. Complimenti per il modello occidentale di conversazione che, in Occidente, hanno un utilizzo tipico di differenza complimenti. Allo stesso tempo, il loro modello di conversazione di differenze in cinese e occidentali in gran parte rispecchia l'influenza di diversi fattori culturali, ma riflette anche il diverso cinese e americano le persone hanno la mentalità e valori.
In primo luogo, le differenze cinese Complimento Pragmatic
1. Inglese ha elogiato il tema e l'occasione della differenza
〔1〕 teoria discorso Austin atto è che l'uso of una lingua è principalmente per esprimere i propri atti di certi atti, insomma, fare cose con le parole. Sia lodato come un atto comunicativo, che è esso stesso un giudizio di valore, sono aperte a singoli o qualcosa di un commento positivo di fare al fine di rafforzare le relazioni. valori diversi e differenti sociale, ha attirato l'attenzione del fuoco di valutazione differenti, così lodata da concentrarsi sul contenuto e l'uso del linguaggio in situazioni in cui ci sono differenze.
Complimenti per l'uso di spettacoli di ricerca occidentali che cinesi capacità Complimenti, l'aspetto e la personalità sono l'argomento principale. Nei paesi anglo-americana, la capacità e l'aspetto sono l'argomento principale, ma molto poco la personalità di lode. 〔2〕 elogiato il comportamento della maggior parte di Occidente si è verificato in simili status sociale e di età tra. Tuttavia, se lo status sociale tra persone diverse lode comportamento in ambiente cinese, ha elogiato le azioni dello status sociale più basso di solito dato. La stessa situazione in Gran Bretagna e gli Stati Uniti non è evidente. L'applicazione di uno cinese o inglese diffusori, la maggior parte donne si complimenti in apparenza, ma piuttosto per gli uomini si concentrano nella capacità o risultati.
Nel frattempo, ha elogiato l'aspetto, gli inglesi incentrata sulla "modifica deliberata degli effetti", mentre i cinesi tendono a cercare naturali, ma per la capacità di lode a vicenda attraverso gli sforzi di inglese tende a elogiare i risultati conseguiti dopo, come "Ottimo lavoro"; e cinese Oltre a lodare l'altro i risultati conseguiti, ma anche menzionato altre iniziative di successo, come "hai fatto molto ben scritto di carta, e devono controllare un sacco di informazioni."
In secondo luogo, l'uso di occasioni Complimenti diversi. Inglese gratuito tendono a esprimere la parità, lo stesso rapporto, ha detto cinesi sono focalizzate sul rispetto, la cura per l'altro. Esempio alle case di altre persone per la cena, il contesto culturale inglese degli ospiti saranno principalmente tratti di un caso analogo: "Io mi sono divertito molto." Mentre sullo sfondo cinese culturale, la lode, quindi più è una scusa, poi sostituito, come "a farlo più cibo, si è lavorato duro. " Simile al caso espresso preoccupazione per il diffusore sul ascoltatore, è la prestazione gentile. Inoltre, a causa della lingua inglese e il background culturale della lode la stessa enfasi su un piano paritario, in modo Complimento diventato quasi una frase usata per salutare, ringraziare e così via. Ma nel contesto della cultura cinese, ha sottolineato Complimenti rispetto per l'altro, l'espressione di lode, dovremmo lasciare che ogni altro sento veramente apprezzato e rispettato dagli altri, la frequenza Complimento cinese così elevato di meno di lingua inglese.